Kotosuga Tanikawa

A Japanese scholar of the mid-Edo period. His name was Noboru or Kosuke. He was commonly known as Yojun. He was known by the names of Tansai and Shisei was his given name. His family name was Kotokudo, and his shrine name was Shinshireisha or Morikage. He was born on February 26, 6th year of the Hoei era, as the eldest son of his father Yoshiaki, who had been a physician for generations. He moved to Kyoto to study medicine under Fukui Tanba no Kami, and Japanese studies under Matsuoka Churyo (1701-1783) at the age of 22. He also studied Shinto under Tamaki Masahide (1671-1736), and received a license to practice Shinto at the age of 24, and a license to practice flower arrangement from the Ogasawara family at the age of 23. At the age of 27, he married the daughter of Yamashita in Kyoto, and founded the Morikage-sha Hora Tsuyagawa School where he lectured on the classics and Shinto. At the age of 44, he studied waka poetry at the Arisugawa family, and from around the age of 57, he became friends with Motoori Norinaga. He highly valued the Nihon Shoki, and compiled various theories and closely examined Japanese and Chinese sources in the Nihon Shoki Tsusho, which he completed at the age of 43 and published at the age of 54. He wrote the Japanese dictionary Wakun no Shiori, which explains Japanese, Chinese, and elegant slang in alphabetical order, and Wago Tsuon, a pioneer in the study of usage, as well as the essay Ogakuzubanashi (Sawdust Tales) (1748) and the family collection Megumi no Tsuyukusa. He buried the draft in the Hogozuka mound of his local deity, Seko Myojin, and died the following year, October 10, 1271, at the age of 68. His grave is at Fukuzoji Temple in Oshikabe-cho, Tsu City.

[Tsutomu Hayashi June 20, 2016]

"The Biography of Professor Tanigawa Shikiyo, compiled by the Tanigawa Shikiyo Achievement Awards Committee (1911, Dainihon Tosho)" ▽ "A Study of the Japanese Classical Scholar Tanigawa Shikiyo, written by Kato Takeo (1934, Yukawa Kobunsha)" ▽ "A Study of Early Modern Japanese Classical Scholars, written by Kitaoka Shiryo (1977, Publishing Committee for the Posthumous Manuscripts of the Late Professor Kitaoka Shiryo/Reprint edition, 1996, Kogakuin University Press)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸中期の国学者。名は昇また公介。通称養順。淡斎などと号し士清は諱(いみな)。家号恒徳堂、社号振々霊社また森蔭。代々医を業とし父義章長男として宝永(ほうえい)6年2月26日、伊勢(いせ)国安濃(あのう)郡新町八丁刑部(おしかべ)（三重県津市）に出生。20歳上京、福井丹波守(たんばのかみ)に医学を、22歳松岡仲良(まつおかちゅうりょう)（1701―1783）に国学を学び、玉木正英(たまきまさひで)（1671―1736）に神道(しんとう)を学んで24歳神道免許状を、23歳小笠原(おがさわら)家よりいけ花許状を受けた。27歳京都山下氏女(むすめ)と結婚、森蔭社洞津谷川塾を創設し古典、神道を講じた。44歳有栖川(ありすがわ)家に歌道を学び、57歳ころより本居宣長(もとおりのりなが)と親交を結んだ。『日本書紀』を重んじ、諸説を集め和漢の出典を精査した『日本書紀通証』が43歳成り54歳刊行した。和漢雅俗語を五十音順に解説した『和訓栞(わくんのしおり)』は国語辞書の、『倭語(わご)通音』は活用研究の先駆で、随筆『鋸屑譚(おがくずばなし)』（1748）、家集『恵露草(めぐみのつゆくさ)』などもある。草稿を氏神世子明神の反古冢(ほごづか)に埋め、翌安永(あんえい)5年10月10日没。68歳。墓は津市押加部(おしかべ)町福蔵寺。

［林　勉　2016年6月20日］

『谷川士清先生事蹟表彰会編『谷川士清先生伝』（1911・大日本図書）』▽『加藤竹男著『国学者谷川士清の研究』（1934・湯川弘文社）』▽『北岡四良著『近世国学者の研究』（1977・故北岡四良教授遺稿集刊行会／復刻版・1996・皇学館大学出版部）』

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