Horse market - bashi (English spelling) ma-shi; ma-shih

Japanese: 馬市 - ばし（英語表記）ma-shi; ma-shih

A periodic market held during the Ming Dynasty in China between the northern peoples and the Ming Dynasty, mainly for the purpose of purchasing horses. There were official markets and private markets, and at first the official markets were the norm, but later the private markets became more popular, and horses, sheep, furs, ginseng, and other products from the north were traded along with Chinese silk, rice, salt, copper, and ironware. In the 4th year of the Yongle era (1406), the Ming Dynasty established horse markets in Kaiyuan and Guangning in Liaodong, where the price of horses was officially set and payment was made in silk and cloth. In the 4th year of the Zhengtong era (39), private markets were officially recognized, and the Kaiyuan Nanguan Horse Market was established, and the Fushun Horse Market was also opened for the Jianzhou Jurchens. Horse markets for the Mongolians were held in the Zhengtong era (36-49) for the Oirats, and in Datong, Xuanfu, and other locations for the Tatars in 1551, but they were only temporary and were discontinued until they were resumed in the 5th year of the Longqing era (71) when a peace treaty was concluded with Altan, and continued until the end of the Ming Dynasty.

Horse Market Umaiichi

A market held to buy and sell horses. From the Kamakura period onwards, the role of horses in war, transportation, farming, etc. increased, and especially during the Sengoku period, the demand for military horses increased, and many feudal lords held horse markets. The most famous markets are those in Gojo Muromachi, Kyoto during the Muromachi period, and Bakuro-cho, Edo during the Edo period.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，明代に主として馬の買入れのため北方民族との間に設けられた定期市。官市と私市とがあり，初めは官市を主としたが，のち私市が盛んとなり，北方産の馬，羊，毛皮，人参などと中国産の絹，米，塩，銅鉄器などが取引された。明では永楽4 (1406) 年に遼東の開原，広寧に馬市を設け，馬価を公定して絹布で支払った。正統4 (39) 年には私市が公認され，開原南関馬市が起り，また建州女直のために撫順馬市が開かれた。モンゴル民族に対する馬市は，正統年間 (36～49) オイラート (瓦剌)部のために，嘉靖 30 (1551) 年タタール部のために大同，宣府などで開かれたが暫定的で中絶し，隆慶5 (71) 年アルタン (俺答)との間に和議が成立してから再開され，明末に及んだ。