A small deciduous tree of the Moringaceae family (APG classification: Moringaceae). Also called Moringa. Native to India and Myanmar (Burma). It grows to a height of several meters and has grey, corky bark. The leaves are alternate, tripinnate, compound, about 60 cm long, and grey-white on the underside. The flowers are white, butterfly-shaped, five-petaled, fragrant, and borne in panicles in the leaf axils. The fruit is rod-shaped, 30-60 cm long, with nine ridges, and hangs from the branches. Inside the fruit are spherical, winged seeds. The entire plant is pungent. The roots are particularly pungent and are used as a spice. The immature fruit is called drumstick, and is a common vegetable in India. The seeds also contain high-quality oil, which is pressed and called ben oil or moringa oil, and used to make high-quality machine oils for watches and other equipment. It is also used as salad oil and perfume oil. It reproduces by seed, grows quickly, and is widespread throughout the tropics. The family Moringaceae is a dicotyledonous, polypetalous plant. It is a herbaceous shrub with 10 species in one genus, distributed throughout the tropics. [Hoshikawa Kiyochika October 16, 2020] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ワサビノキ科(APG分類:ワサビノキ科)の落葉小木。モリンガともいう。インド、ミャンマー(ビルマ)一帯が原産地。樹高数メートルで、樹皮はコルク質で灰色。葉は枝に互生し、3回羽状複葉で長さ約60センチメートル、裏面は灰白色。花は葉腋(ようえき)に円錐(えんすい)花序をなしてつき、白い蝶形(ちょうけい)の五弁花で香りがよい。果実は棒状で30~60センチメートル、9本の稜(りょう)があり、枝からぶら下がる。果実の中には球形で翼のある種子がある。植物体全体に辛味がある。とくに根の辛味が強く、香辛料に用いる。未成熟の果実はドラムスティックとよばれ、インドでは一般的な野菜である。また、種子は良質の油を含み、これを絞ってベン油またはモリンガ油とよび、時計など高級機械油に用いた。またサラダ油や香油としても用いられる。繁殖は実生(みしょう)により、生育は速く、熱帯全域に広まっている。ワサビノキ科は双子葉植物、離弁花類。草質の低木で、1属10種あり、熱帯に分布する。 [星川清親 2020年10月16日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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