Born September 29, 1932 in Berlin, Germany. American physicist. Son of a Jewish neurologist, he moved to the United States with his family in 1939 against the backdrop of the rise of the Nazis. He received his bachelor's degree in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1955 and his doctorate in 1962. He worked as a lecturer and assistant professor at Tufts University from 1960 to 1962, and as a researcher at Princeton University from 1962 to 1964. He has taught at MIT since 1964, becoming a professor in 1973 and a professor emeritus in 2001. During his time at Princeton, he became interested in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity and cosmology, and from the early 1970s he began researching cosmic microwave background radiation, and was involved in the development of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) cosmic microwave background survey satellite COBE. He also attempted to directly observe gravitational waves, the existence of which Einstein predicted, together with American physicist Kip S. Thorne of California Institute of Technology. He conceived of the construction of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), which would detect the expansion and contraction of space caused by gravitational waves using laser light interference (→ interferometer) in a giant L-shaped arm several kilometers long, and in 1984 launched the project with the addition of British physicist Ronald Drever, Thorne's colleague at work. Construction of LIGO began in 1994 in Hanford, Washington, and Livingston, Louisiana, and was completed in 2002. After further improvements, it detected gravitational waves on September 14, 2015. In 2017, American physicist Barry C. Barish, who has been the LIGO principal investigator since 1994, and Thorne were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics (→ Nobel Prize) for their "contributions to LIGO and the observation of gravitational waves." Weiss |
[生]1932.9.29. ベルリン ドイツ生まれのアメリカ合衆国の物理学者。ユダヤ人の神経学者を父にもち,1939年ナチスの台頭を背景に家族とともに渡米。1955年マサチューセッツ工科大学 MITで物理学の学士号,1962年博士号を取得。1960~62年タフツ大学で講師および助教として,1962~64年プリンストン大学で研究員として勤務。1964年以降 MITで教鞭をとり,1973年教授,2001年名誉教授。プリンストン大学在籍中にアルバート・アインシュタインの一般相対性理論と宇宙論に興味をいだき,1970年代初めから宇宙背景放射の研究に取り組み,アメリカ航空宇宙局 NASAによる宇宙背景放射探査衛星 COBEの開発にも携わった。また,アメリカの物理学者でカリフォルニア工科大学のキップ・S.ソーンとともに,アインシュタインが存在を予測した重力波の直接観測を試み,長さ数kmに及ぶ巨大な L字型アーム内でのレーザー光干渉(→干渉計)を利用して重力波による空間の伸縮を検知するレーザー干渉計重力波天文台 LIGO(ライゴ)の建設を構想,ソーンの勤務先同僚であるイギリスの物理学者ロナルド・ドレーバーを加え 1984年にプロジェクトを立ち上げた。LIGOは 1994年にワシントン州ハンフォードとルイジアナ州リビングストンで建設が始まり 2002年に完成,その後改良が加えられ,2015年9月14日に重力波を検出した。2017年「LIGOへの貢献と重力波の観測」により,1994年から LIGOの研究責任者に就任したアメリカの物理学者バリー・C.バリッシュ,ソーンとともにノーベル物理学賞(→ノーベル賞)を受賞。 ワイス
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