Roon, Albrecht Theodor Emil, Graf von

Japanese: ローン（英語表記）Roon， Albrecht Theodor Emil， Graf von

Born: April 30, 1803, Preusshagen near Kolberg
[Died] February 23, 1879. Berlin. German and Prussian military officer and politician. Along with Bismarck and Moltke the Elder, he was one of the three pillars of the founding of the German Empire. He joined the Prussian army in 1816, and in 1859 he was promoted to lieutenant general and joined the military reform committee. At the end of the same year, he became Minister of War. With the support of E. Manteuffel, the Chief of the Imperial Military Cabinet, and Moltke, the Chief of the General Staff, he promoted military reform, focused on modernizing the military, and expanded the compulsory conscription system despite the opposition of the people. These reforms caused the famous constitutional struggle, but were the main reason for Prussia's great victories in both the wars against Austria and France. In 1871, he succeeded Bismarck as Prime Minister of Prussia, but resigned the following year due to illness. In 1873, he became a field marshal. His main work was Grundzüge der Erd-, Völker-und Staatenkunde (Outline of Geography, Ethnology, and State Science) (3 volumes, 1847-55).

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Loon, Hendrick Willem van

Born: January 14, 1882 in Rotterdam
[Died] March 11, 1944. Born in the Netherlands, Connecticut. An American historian and art historian. In Japan, he is known as Van Loon. He emigrated to the United States in 1903 and spent many years in European countries as a correspondent for the Associated Press. He studied history and art history at the same time, and after returning to the United States, he devoted himself to writing. His major works include Fall of the Dutch Republic (1913) and Rise of the Dutch Kingdom (15).

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Lawn

A thin plain weave fabric with a coarse density. The name is said to come from Laon, France, where linen production was once thriving. It is made mainly of cotton yarn of 60 or higher count for the warp and weft, and has a light starch finish that gives it firmness. In addition to cotton yarn, linen, rayon, and polyester yarns are also used. It is available in bleached, plain, and printed fabrics, as well as stripes and plaids dyed with yarn, and is used for blouses, handkerchiefs, artificial flowers, embroidered fabrics, children's clothing, etc.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1803.4.30. コルベルク近郊プロイスハーゲン
[没]1879.2.23. ベルリン
ドイツ，プロシアの軍人，政治家。ビスマルク，大モルトケとともにドイツ帝国建国の三大支柱の一人。 1816年プロシア軍に入り，59年中将となって軍制改革委員会に加わり，同年末陸相となって，宮中軍事官房長官 E.マントイフェルや参謀総長モルトケの支援を得て軍制改革を推進し，軍の近代化に力を注ぎ，国民の反対を押切って強制徴兵制度を拡充した。これらの改革は有名な憲法闘争を引起したが，対オーストリア，対フランスの両戦争におけるプロシア大勝の主因となった。 71年ビスマルクの跡を継いでプロシア首相となったが，病気のため翌年辞任。 73年元帥。主著は『地理学，民族学および国家学綱要』 Grundzüge der Erd-，Völker-und Staatenkunde (3巻，1847～55) 。

ローン
Loon， Hendrick Willem van

[生]1882.1.14. ロッテルダム
[没]1944.3.11. コネティカット
オランダ生れのアメリカの歴史家，美術史家。日本ではバン・ルーンと呼ばれている。 1903年アメリカに移住，アソシエイテッド・プレスの通信員として長年ヨーロッパ諸国に滞在。かたわら歴史，美術史を研究し，帰米後は著述活動に専念した。主著『オランダ共和国の衰退』 Fall of the Dutch Republic (1913) ，『オランダ王国の勃興』 Rise of the Dutch Kingdom (15) 。

ローン
lawn

粗い密度の薄地平織物。かつてリネンの製造が盛んだったフランスのラン Laonに由来する語とされる。経緯に 60番手以上の主として綿糸を使い，薄糊仕上げで張りがある。綿糸のほか，麻，レーヨン，ポリエステル系の糸も用いる。漂白地，色無地，プリント地のほか糸染による縞，格子柄があり，ブラウス，ハンカチーフ，造花，刺繍布地，子供服などに用いる。

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