Six tones - Rokuchoushi

Japanese: 六調子 - ろくちょうし
Six tones - Rokuchoushi

Six types of tuning used in the Tang Dynasty of gagaku. Also called "Rikuchoshi". Each tuning is named Ichikotsucho, Heicho, Taishikicho, Soujo, Oushikicho, and Banshikicho according to the type of scale and the pitch of the main note. Of these, Ichikotsucho, Soujo, and Taishikicho belong to the Ryosen category, while Heicho, Oushikicho, and Banshikicho belong to the Rissen category. With the exception of Taishikicho, the name of the main note of the scale is used as the tuning name, but Taishikicho is a Ryosen with Heicho (Ho) as the main note. In the past, in addition to the six tunings, there were other tunings such as Sadachō, Ichigetsuseichō, Seichō, Kotsujikichō, Suichō, and Dochō as "branch tunings" for each tuning, but these were incorporated into one of the six tunings with the same main tone, and now Sadachō remains only as a netori tuning and Suichō as a tuning for the koto and biwa. On the other hand, in Komagaku, three tunings, Goryōichigetsuchō, Goryōheichō, and Goryōsōchō, are used following the tuning names of Tang music, and are called the "Goryō Sanchō."

[Junnosuke Chiba]

Six-tone system
©Shogakukan ">

Six-tone tone system


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

雅楽の唐楽で用いられる6種類の調子。「りくちょうし」とも。各調子は音階の種類や主要音の音高によって、壱越調(いちこつちょう)、平調(ひょうぢょう)、太食調(たいしきちょう)、双調(そうぢょう)、黄鐘調(おうしきちょう)、盤渉調(ばんしきちょう)という名称がつけられており、このうち壱越調、双調、太食調の3調子は呂旋(りょせん)、また平調、黄鐘調、盤渉調の3調子は律旋(りっせん)に属する。太食調以外は、その音階の主要音の音名がそのまま調子の名称になっているが、太食調は平調(ホ音)を主要音とする呂旋である。古くは六つの調子以外に、それぞれの調子の「枝調子(えだぢょうし)」として沙陀調(さだちょう)、壱越性調(せいちょう)、性調、乞食調(こつじきちょう)、水調、道調などがあったが、これらは同じ主要音をもつ六調子のなかのいずれかの調子に組み入れられ、現在は沙陀調が音取(ねとり)として、また水調が箏(こと)と琵琶(びわ)の調弦として痕跡(こんせき)をとどめているにすぎない。一方、高麗楽(こまがく)では唐楽の調名を踏襲して、高麗壱越調、高麗平調、高麗双調の三つの調子が用いられており、これを「高麗三調子」とよんでいる。

[千葉潤之介]

六調子の音組織
©Shogakukan">

六調子の音組織


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