Austrian meteorologist. Born in Brody, Galicia (now part of Ukraine and Poland). Studied mathematics and physics at the Gymnasium in Vienna, and in 1877 started working as an assistant at the Vienna Meteorological Observatory. In 1879 he resigned and studied at a university in Berlin until 1880, then returned to the observatory in 1882, where he worked until 1906. After retiring, he began research in chemistry while living on a pension, but died of malnutrition due to poverty caused by World War I and the postwar inflation. His most famous achievement is his 1903 paper on "Temperature Stratification in Air in Steady Motion or at Rest," in which he clarified that potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, resulting in a storm. In his 1906 paper "On the Stratification of Temperature in Air in Steady Motion or at Rest," he presented a formula for the slope of discontinuous surfaces, which is widely known as the Margulies formula. [Nemoto Junkichi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オーストリアの気象学者。ガリツィア(現在のウクライナとポーランドにまたがる地域)のブローディーに生まれる。ウィーンのギムナジウム(中等学校)で数学と物理学を身につけ、1877年ウィーンの中央気象台に助手として就職した。1879年いったん辞職して1880年までベルリンの大学で学び、1882年中央気象台に戻って1906年まで在職。退職後は恩給で生活しながら化学の研究を始めたが、第一次世界大戦と戦後のインフレによる窮乏から栄養失調で死亡した。業績としては1903年に発表した「暴風論」が有名で、位置エネルギーが運動エネルギーに転じ、その結果暴風となることを明らかにした。1906年に発表した論文「定常運動中の、または静止している空気中の温度の成層について」には不連続面の傾斜の式が示されているが、これはマルグレスの式として広く知られている。 [根本順吉] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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