Rocaille - Rocaille (English spelling) French

Japanese: ロカイユ - ろかいゆ(英語表記)rocaille フランス語
Rocaille - Rocaille (English spelling) French

An art term. Derived from roc, meaning rock, in 17th-century France it meant decorations of Italian origin made of stones, coral, and shells on the inner walls of artificial caves in gardens and on the basins of fountains. In the 18th century, however, it came to mean a decorative motif inspired by the shape of a shell. It was especially popular during the reign of Louis XV and the beginning of the reign of Louis XVI (1720s-1770s), and this motif was freely transformed in search of asymmetrical forms, as if in rebellion against the principles of classicism. As this characteristic is seen in all artistic expressions of the same period, the art of this period is sometimes referred to collectively as the Rocaille style. Representative artists who popularized this motif include Boucher, Just-Aulère Meissonier, and Pinault.

[Kiyoo Uemura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

美術用語。岩を意味するrocから派生したことばで、17世紀のフランスでは庭園の人工洞窟(どうくつ)の内壁や噴水の水盤に施された、石やサンゴ、そして貝殻によるイタリア起源の装飾を意味した。しかし18世紀になると、貝殻の形に想を得た装飾モチーフの名称となる。ルイ15世時代とルイ16世時代の初め(1720年代~70年代)にとくに愛好され、このモチーフは古典主義の原則に反発するかのように、非対称な形態を求めて自由自在に変形される。この特色が同時期の芸術表現全般に認められることから、この時期の芸術をロカイユ様式の名で総称することもある。このモチーフを広めた代表的な芸術家はブーシェ、ジュスト・オレール・メソニエ、ピノーである。

[上村清雄]

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