Italian Merchant - Italian Merchant

Japanese: イタリア商人 - いたりあしょうにん

…This development unfolded along the trade route between Italy in the south and Flanders in the north. Italian merchants, who were involved in the trade of precious Eastern products such as spices and handled the abundant papal funds that were collected in Rome as tithes, dominated this trade route. They developed commercial techniques such as bookkeeping, bills of exchange, and marine insurance, and became active as merchants and financiers. They became associated with the kings and secular princes of England and France, whose power was concentrating in the 13th and 14th centuries, and became privileged merchants. …

From [City]

...The cities in the Champagne region of northeast France and in Flanders played a role in connecting the two. Thus, primary products from Russia and Northern Europe, such as furs, wax, honey, herring, dried cod, timber, and grain, were imported and resold by Hanseatic merchant ships to markets throughout Western Europe, while luxury goods from the Orient and the Byzantine Empire, such as spices, pepper, precious metals, jewels, ivory, sugar, silk, cotton, and medicines, which were of a so-called ancient nature, were re-exported to Western Europe by Italian merchants. Stimulated by this revival of commerce from both the north and south, the production and trade of local specialties made from raw materials produced in Western Europe, such as woolen textiles, linen textiles, weapons, metal products, and wine, became increasingly active, and the entire Western Europe formed a vast world economic zone under a single price system.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Italian merchants" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…このような発展は南のイタリアと北のフランドルを結ぶ交易の流れに沿って展開した。とくに香料などの貴重な東方物産の交易にたずさわるとともに，十分の一税としてローマに集まる豊富な教皇庁資金を扱っていたイタリア商人がこの交易路で優位に立った。彼らは簿記，手形，海上保険などの商業技術を開発し，商人兼金融業者として活躍し，13,14世紀に権力を集中しつつあったイギリス，フランスの国王や聖俗諸侯に結びつき特権商人となった。…

【都市】より

…またこの両者をつなぐ役割を演じたのは，フランス北東部シャンパーニュ地方の大市開催の諸都市およびフランドル地方の諸都市であった。こうして毛皮，蠟，蜂蜜，ニシン，干ダラ，木材，穀物のようなロシアおよび北欧の一次産品は，ハンザ同盟の商船によって西ヨーロッパ各地の市場に舶載転売され，いわば古代的な性格をもつ香料，コショウ，貴金属，宝石，象牙，砂糖，絹織物，綿花，薬種などの東洋およびビザンティン帝国産の奢侈的商品は，イタリア商人によって西ヨーロッパ各地へ再輸出された。この南北両面からの商業の復興に刺激されて，西ヨーロッパ内で産出する原料による各地域の特産品，例えば毛織物，麻織物，武器，金属製品，ブドウ酒などの生産と交易がますます活況を呈し，西ヨーロッパの全域がいわば一つの価格体系の下に立つ広大な世界経済圏を形成した。…

※「イタリア商人」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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