Ronin (masterless samurai) - Ronin

Japanese: 浪人(牢人) - ろうにん
Ronin (masterless samurai) - Ronin
A samurai without a master. The biggest reason for the emergence of ronin in the Edo period was the shogunate's demotion or reduction of feudal lords. During the three generations of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Hidetada, and Iemitsu, or in the first 50 years of the shogunate, 217 daimyo families were demoted or their feudal lords were reduced in value, totaling more than 8.75 million koku of rice. It is estimated that by 1650 (Keian 3), the last year of Iemitsu's life, 400,000 to 500,000 ronin had emerged.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
主家を持たない武士。江戸時代における浪人発生の最大の要因は,幕府による大名の改易,減封にあった。関ヶ原の戦や大坂の陣で敗者となり,また幕府の忌諱(きい)に触れ,幕法に違反し,あるいは世嗣の断絶などによって,徳川家康・秀忠・家光の3代,すなわち幕初の50年間に改易,減封となった大名は,実に217家,石高にして875万石余にのぼり,家光の晩年の1650年(慶安3)までに40万もしくは50万の浪人が発生したと推定されている。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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