In wartime, a belligerent intentionally violates an express promise or deceives the enemy in violation of the customary international law of war. Breach of trust is an illegal act that violates the trust that belligerents must maintain even during war, and constitutes a war crime. The use or misuse of the Red Cross flag or the military envoy flag in cases other than those permitted by international law in wartime, and attacking the enemy by disguising themselves with the enemy's uniform or flag, constitutes a treacherous act. In contrast, acts that deceive the enemy, such as ambushes, espionage, and surprise attacks, that do not involve treacherous acts, are considered lawful as tricks of war (strategies of war) (Hague Convention on Land Warfare, 24). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
戦時において交戦者が明示的約束に故意に反するか,または戦時慣習国際法上の禁止に反して敵を欺罔する行為。背信行為は,戦争中でも交戦者が守らねばならない信義に反するもので不法な行為とされ,戦争犯罪を構成する。赤十字旗,軍使旗を戦時国際法が認める場合以外に使用し,または濫用すること,敵の制服,国旗などの偽装で敵を攻撃することは背信行為に該当する。これに対し,伏兵,間諜,不意の襲撃など,敵を欺罔する行為であっても背信行為を含まない場合には奇計 (戦時謀計) として適法とされる (ハーグ陸戦法規 24) 。
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