According to the provisions of Part III of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a narrow sea area with coasts facing each other at a distance not exceeding 24 nautical miles, which connects two high seas or exclusive economic zones, constitutes a natural sea route, and is usually used for international navigation. In other countries, the Strait of Malacca, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Gibraltar are considered international straits, while in Japan, the Tsugaru Strait, the Soya Strait, the Osumi Strait, the East Channel of Tsushima Strait, and the West Channel of Tsushima Strait are considered international straits. Coastal countries can establish territorial waters in these straits in accordance with the standards set out in the treaty. However, in international straits, all ships and aircraft enjoy the right of transit passage, and coastal countries must not obstruct their passage. Ships and aircraft in transit passage must not threaten the peace and security of coastal countries. They must also pass through continuously and expeditiously, in accordance with the laws and regulations of the coastal countries regarding passage and measures including the designation of sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in accordance with international rules. In addition, there are some areas, such as the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, where navigation systems have long been established by special treaties. [Kou Nakamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国連海洋法条約第3部の規定などによれば24海里を超えない距離で、海岸が向かい合っている狭い海の部分が、二つの公海または排他的経済水域を結んで、自然の海路を構成し、国際航行に通常使用されるものをいう。海外では、マラッカ海峡、ホルムズ海峡、ジブラルタル海峡など、日本では、津軽(つがる)海峡、宗谷(そうや)海峡、大隅(おおすみ)海峡、対馬(つしま)海峡東水道、対馬海峡西水道が国際海峡とされている。沿岸国はこの海峡に、条約に定める基準に従って、領海を設定することができる。しかし国際海峡において、すべての艦船と航空機は通過通航権を享有し、沿岸国はその通航を妨害してはならない。通過通航中の艦船と航空機は、沿岸国の平和と安全を脅かしてはならない。また国際的規則に従って沿岸国の定める通航に関する法令と航路帯および分離通航帯の指定を含む措置とに従って、もっぱら継続的かつ迅速に通過しなければならない。なお、ダーダネルス、ボスポラス海峡など以前から特別な条約によって通航制度が定められているものもある。 [中村 洸] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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