An American labor union. It was founded in 1869 by tailors in Philadelphia as a secret organization with mystical rituals. T. V. Powderly became president in 1879, and it grew rapidly from when it became a public organization in 1881, reaching its peak in 1886 with 700,000 members. It emphasized the unity of all workers, organized workers widely regardless of occupation, skill level, or race, and engaged in active struggles. Its ultimate goal was to liberate the working class from the control of capital by establishing cooperatives, and it participated in various reform movements, including political actions. It had branches all over the country, including rural areas, and was also established in Canada and the United Kingdom, but it declined after 1886, ceding leadership of the American labor movement to the AFL and virtually disappearing in the 1990s. In France, the Chevalerie du Travail Française, a secret organization led by labor union officials and politicians, was also established in 1893. [Tatsuro Nomura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの労働組合。1869年フィラデルフィアの仕立工たちにより神秘的儀式をもつ秘密団体として発足した。79年T・V・パウダリが会長となり、81年公開の団体となったころから急速に成長し、絶頂期の86年には70万の組合員を擁した。あらゆる勤労者の団結を強調し、職種、熟練・不熟練、人種の差を超えて広く労働者を組織し、活発な闘争を展開した。協同組合の設立により労働者階級を資本の支配から解放することを究極目標に掲げ、政治行動を含めてさまざまな改革運動にも加わった。支部は農村地区を含めて全国に及び、カナダ、イギリスにも成立したが、86年以降衰退し、アメリカ労働運動の指導権をAFLに譲り、90年代のうちに実際上消滅した。なおフランスにも93年に労働組合幹部や政治家を指導者とする秘密の団体としてフランス労働騎士団Chevalerie du Travail Françaiseが成立した。 [野村達朗] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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