Sunshine meter - Sunshine meter

Japanese: 日照計 - にっしょうけい
Sunshine meter - Sunshine meter

An instrument that measures the duration of sunlight. The term sunshine means when the solar surface is brighter than the surrounding sky, so it is determined by the presence or absence of shadows. Various sunshine meters have been used since ancient times, but the measured values ​​can vary considerably depending on the instrument used. The Campbell-Stokes sunshine meter focuses sunlight on a spherical glass and determines the duration of sunlight from the burn marks on the paper. The Jordan sunshine meter records an image of sunlight through a pinhole on blueprint paper. Both are suitable for obtaining stable observation data over a long period of time, but they have inconveniences such as the inability to measure remotely. Therefore, instruments that use photocells or utilize the solar radiation heating of bimetals have been developed. The solar cell sunshine meter, which counts the duration of sunlight when the intensity of solar radiation incident on a solar cell exceeds 0.2 kilowatts per square meter, gives values ​​roughly consistent with those of previous sunshine meters.

[Takeji Shinohara]

[Reference] | Sunlight | Bimetal
Structure of the Jordan sunshine meter
The light spots of the direct light coming in through the small holes on the east and west sides are reflected on the photographic paper attached inside the tube . ©Shogakukan

Structure of the Jordan sunshine meter


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

太陽が照った時間を測定する測器。日照ということばは、太陽面が周囲の空よりも明るい場合を意味するから、影の有無で決める。昔からいろいろな日照計が用いられているが、使用する測器によって観測値にかなりの違いが出ることがある。太陽光を球形ガラスで集光し、紙面にできた焦げ跡から日照時間を求めるのはカンベル‐ストークス日照計。青写真感光紙上にピンホールからの日光による像を記録するのはジョルダン日照計である。いずれも、長期間にわたる安定な観測データを得るには適しているが、遠隔測定ができないなどの不便さがある。そこで、光電池を使ったり、バイメタルの日射昇温を利用する測器がつくられた。太陽電池に入射する日射の強さが1平方メートル当り0.2キロワットを超える場合を日照時間としてカウントする太陽電池日照計は、これまでの日照計とだいたい一致する値を示す。

[篠原武次]

[参照項目] | 日照 | バイメタル
ジョルダン日照計の構造
東側と西側の小穴から入る直射光の光点軌跡が、筒の内側に取り付けた感光紙に写る©Shogakukan">

ジョルダン日照計の構造


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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