Roy

Japanese: ローイ

Indian revolutionary. Born in Bengal. Descended from the highest priestly class, Brahmin. Real name Narendranath Bhattacharya. He was active as a terrorist from the end of the Swaraj Swadeshi movement, a nationalist movement against the partition of Bengal by Britain in the early 1900s. He left the country to acquire weapons from Germany during World War I and changed his name. He then went to the Soviet Union at Lenin's invitation and stood at the forefront of the international communist movement as a member of Comintern. At the Second Comintern Congress in 1920, he debated with Lenin over the relationship between the national liberation movement and the Communist Party. At the end of 1926, he was sent to China as a Comintern representative and tried to maintain an alliance between the Chinese Communist Party and the left wing of the Kuomintang, but returned to Moscow when both the left and right factions of the Kuomintang decided to expel the Communists in 1927. He was expelled at the Sixth Congress in 1928 and returned to India, where he joined the Indian National Congress. During World War II, he supported the Allied Powers and opposed the Congress Party, and in 1940 formed the Radical Democratic Party. After the war, he advocated radical humanism. His books include The Political Future of India (1926) and Memoirs (1964).

Roy

Indian religious reformer and social activist. He studied traditional Indian religious thought such as the Vedas and the Upanishads, embarked on a religious reform movement, and founded the Brahma Samaj in 1828. He advocated absolute devotion to the one Brahman and rejected idol worship. He also worked on educational activities such as founding schools, as well as breaking down traditions such as widow suicide (sati) and working for the women's liberation movement. He traveled to England in 1830 and advocated political, social and religious independence for India, but died in Bristol.

Roy

Also known as Löwi. German-born American pharmacologist. Studied at the University of Frankfurt, and served as professor at universities in Graz and Brussels before moving to the US in 1940 and becoming a professor at New York University. Discovered that acetylcholine is secreted from the nerve endings when the inhibitory nerves of the heart are stimulated. 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

インドの革命家。ベンガル生れ。最高位の司祭階級バラモンの出身。本名ナレーンドラナート・バッタチャリヤNarendranath Bhattacharya。1900年代初頭の，英国のベンガル分割に反対する民族運動スワラージ・スワデーシー運動の末期から，テロリストとして活躍。第１次大戦の際ドイツから武器を獲得するため出国し，改名した。その後レーニンの招待でソ連邦に渡り，コミンテルンのメンバーとして国際共産主義運動の第一線に立つ。1920年の第２回コミンテルン大会では民族解放運動と共産党のかかわりをめぐってレーニンと論争した。1926年末コミンテルン代表として中国に派遣され，中国共産党と国民党左派との同盟維持を図ったが，1927年国民党左右両派が共産主義者の追放を決めるとモスクワに戻った。1928年の第６回大会で除名されインドに帰国，国民会議派に参加した。第２次大戦中は連合国を支持して会議派と対立し，1940年急進民主党を結成。戦後は急進的ヒューマニズムを唱えている。著書に《インドの政治的将来》（1926年）や《回想録》（1964年）がある。

ローイ

インドの宗教改革家，社会運動家。ベーダやウパニシャッドなどのインドの伝統宗教思想を研究し，宗教改革運動に着手，1828年ブラフマ・サマージを設立。唯一なるブラフマンへの絶対帰依を主張し，偶像崇拝を排斥した。学校の設立等の教育活動にも努めるとともに，寡婦殉死（サティー）等の因習の打破や女性解放運動にも努力した。1830年渡英，インドの政治・社会・宗教的独立を主張したが，ブリストルで客死。