A military force formed by the combined armies of two or more nations in war. The Allied forces of World War I and World War II are representative examples. There are two types of military force: one with a unified command, and one in which the command is the head of each military force, with overall operations and coordination between the armies decided through consultation on a case-by-case basis. At the end of World War II, the Allied forces unified the command of the Western European front and the Pacific front under American generals D. Eisenhower and D. MacArthur, respectively. However, there was no unified command between the U.S., British, and Soviet armies, and they carried out operations against the Axis powers through consultation and coordination on a case-by-case basis. Under the postwar collective security system, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Warsaw Pact (abolished in 1991) had unified headquarters and standing armies in peacetime, and no Allied forces under bilateral treaty organizations in East Asia had a unified command except for the United Nations Command in Korea. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
戦争において,2個またはそれ以上の国家の軍隊が連合して編制される軍隊。第1,2次世界大戦の連合軍が代表的である。その形式には,統帥を一元化してしまうものと,統帥は各軍隊の長が行い,全体の作戦や軍隊間の調整をその都度協議して決めるやり方とがある。第2次世界大戦の終期において,連合軍はヨーロッパ西部戦線および太平洋戦線での統帥を,それぞれアメリカの D.アイゼンハワー,D.マッカーサーの両元帥に一元化していた。しかし,米英軍とソ連軍との間には統帥の一元化がなく,その都度協議調整しながら枢軸側に対する作戦を推し進めた。戦後の集団安全保障体制のもとで,北大西洋条約機構やワルシャワ条約機構 (1991年廃止) は,平時から統一司令部と常備軍をもっており,東アジアの2国間条約機構のもとでは,韓国における国連軍のほか統一司令部をもった連合軍はない。
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