Levellers - Levellers (English spelling)

Japanese: レベラーズ - れべらーず(英語表記)Levellers
Levellers - Levellers (English spelling)

A left-wing radical group during the Puritan Revolution in England. They were also called the Levellers or Levellers. Led by Lilburne, Walwyn, Overton and others, they advocated democratic political reform with the support of the London public. However, it was originally a movement centered on soldiers within the military, and began in 1647 when Parliament tried to disband the army without paying its wages. Influenced by the dissatisfaction of soldiers and the strong Puritanism within the army, the movement quickly took on a political character, and the Levellers presented the "People's Agreement" for radical national reform to a military conference held in Putney. At the conference, a fierce debate took place between military officials and soldier representatives over the "People's Agreement," especially the universal suffrage for adult men that was included in it, exposing the conflict within the army. The Levellers transformed the logic of the Puritan denominations' faith, that "individual Christians voluntarily form churches," into political logic, and derived a "covenant-based state" from the "birthright" that all human beings have equally. Temporarily shelving the issues raised by the Levellers, the military leaders expelled the Presbyterians from Parliament and executed the King, and decided to oppress the Levellers, arresting Lilburne and other leaders. In response to this, some troops under the influence of the Levellers responded to a call from prison made by Lilburne and others and rose up in rebellion in May 1649, but it was put down, marking the final defeat of the Leveller movement. (Book version, 1988)
[Toru Koizumi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスのピューリタン革命期における左翼急進派。平等派、水平派ともいう。リルバーン、ウォールウィン、オーバトンなどの指導のもとに、ロンドンの民衆の支持を背景として民主主義的政治改革を主張した。しかし本来は軍隊内部の兵士を中心とした運動で、1647年、議会が給与を払わずに軍隊を解散しようとしたことに端を発している。兵士の不満と軍隊内部に強かったピューリタニズムの影響のもと、運動は即座に政治的性格を帯び、レベラーズはパトニーPutneyで開かれた軍の会議に急進的な国政改革のための「人民協定」を提出するに至る。会議では「人民協定」、ことにそれに含まれる成人男子普通選挙権をめぐって、軍幹部と兵士代表との間で激しい討論が戦わされ、軍隊内部の対立が露呈された。レベラーズは「個々のキリスト教徒が自発的に教会を形成する」というピューリタン諸教派の信仰の論理を政治の論理に転化して、人間すべてが等しくもっている「生まれながらの権利」から「契約に基づく国家」を導き出したのである。軍幹部は、レベラーズの提出した問題を一時棚上げにして、議会から長老派を追放し国王を処刑するとともに、レベラーズの弾圧を決意してリルバーンら指導者を逮捕した。これに対して、レベラーズの影響下にあった一部の部隊は、リルバーンらの獄中からの呼びかけにこたえて1649年5月反乱を起こしたが鎮圧され、ここにレベラーズの運動は最終的に敗北した。(書籍版 1988年)
[小泉 徹]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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