A method of measuring winds at high altitudes using radio waves. There are two methods: one is to track sounding balloons using radio waves from a small radio transmitter attached to the balloon, and the other is to use radar to measure the position of a reflecting target attached to the balloon. The latter is also called radarwind. In Japan, the former is mainly used, using a dedicated transmitter or radio waves from a radiosonde. The 1680 MHz radio waves coming from the direction of the balloon are received by a parabolic antenna. The direction of the antenna automatically follows the direction of the incoming radio waves, and the azimuth and altitude angles are measured. The height of the balloon above the ground is determined by a signal from a barometer attached to a rawin transmitter, but in the case of a rawinsonde, the observations from a radiosonde are used. Wind direction and speed at different altitudes are calculated in the same way as with an anemometry balloon. An Omega sonde is a method of measuring winds at high altitudes using radio waves from the Omega system, which is used to determine the position of aircraft and ships. The Omega radio waves are received by a very small long wave receiver attached to the balloon, amplified, and transmitted to the observatory via a sonde radio wave. From the balloon's position on Earth thus determined, the wind direction and speed at every moment can be calculated. This is an advantage for observations on ships. [Takeji Shinohara] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
電波を利用した高層風の測定法。深測気球を、これにつけた小型の無線発信機からの電波で追跡する方式、レーダーを使って気球につけた反射目標の位置を測定する方式などがある。後者はとくにレーダーウィンドradarwindともよばれる。日本ではおもに前者が用いられ、専用の発信機を使ったり、ラジオゾンデの電波を利用したりする。気球の方向からやってくる1680メガヘルツの電波は、パラボラアンテナで受信される。アンテナの向きは自動的に電波の入射方向に追従し、方位角と高度角が測定される。気球の地上からの高さはレーウィン発信機に取り付けた気圧計からの信号で求めるが、レーウィンゾンデrawinsondeのときは、ラジオゾンデの観測値を利用する。高度別の風向や風速の算定は測風気球の場合と同様である。オメガゾンデOmega sondeは、飛行機や船舶の位置決定用のオメガシステムの電波を利用した高層風の測定法である。気球に取り付けた超小型の長波受信機でオメガ電波を受信し、これを増幅してゾンデ用電波にのせて観測所に転送する。こうして求めた地球上の気球位置から、刻々の風向や風速の数値を算出する。船上の観測などには利点がある。 [篠原武次] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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