Warrant doctrine

Japanese: 令状主義 - れいじょうしゅぎ

The principle that compulsory measures such as arrest, detention, search, and seizure cannot be carried out without a warrant issued by a judge or court. The purpose is to prevent the abuse of power by investigative agencies and to protect the human rights of private individuals by having an impartial third party review the reasons and necessity of compulsory measures. The Constitution and the Code of Criminal Procedure are based on the principle of warrants, but in certain cases, such as arrests of those in the act of committing a crime (Article 33 of the Constitution, Articles 212 and 213 of the Code of Criminal Procedure) and searches, seizures, and inspections when making an arrest (Article 35 of the Constitution, Article 220 of the Code of Criminal Procedure), compulsory measures without a warrant are permitted.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

逮捕，勾留，捜索，押収などの強制処分は，裁判官または裁判所の発する令状によらなければ，実行できないとする原則。強制処分の理由と必要性を公正な第三者に審査させることにより捜査機関の権限濫用を抑制し，私人の人権を保護することを目的とする。憲法と刑事訴訟法は令状主義を原則としているが，現行犯の逮捕 (憲法 33，刑事訴訟法 212，213) や逮捕を行う場合の捜索，差押え，検証 (憲法 35，刑事訴訟法 220) など一定の場合には，令状によらない強制処分を認めている。

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