A type of gambling. A single die is placed inside an elaborate bowl-shaped wheel, which is divided into 37 equal parts from 0 to 36, and an expert called a courpier spins it at high speed. When the wheel stops, players bet money on the mark on which the die will land. American-style wheels have two zero marks, which are divided into 38 equal parts. There are 12 types of bets, ranging from a 1 in 37 probability bet to a 50/50 probability bet on which mark the die will land on, where the marks from 1 to 36 are color-coded red and black (the zero mark is green or white). The origin of roulette is unclear, but the name means "wheel" in French, and it is believed that the simple lottery device, in which an arrow is spun and the position where it stops determines the prize, was gradually improved to the complex and elaborate wheel of today. It was popular worldwide from the 16th to 18th centuries, and the upper classes in Europe even had the custom of playing roulette as a social way of entertaining guests at banquets. However, it later caused problems, so there was a growing trend to ban it from the early 19th century, and it is now banned in most countries. However, it is installed as a central facility in casinos (official gambling halls) in Las Vegas and Monaco in the United States. Some foreigners brought it to Japan after World War II, and since then, gangsters and others have sometimes set it up secretly and opened gambling halls to gather customers, but both have been arrested by the police. Currently, it is not played in general, except for some membership-based organizations that study it as a form of entertainment. [Kuramochi Sadasuke] ©Shogakukan "> Roulette betting wheel (American style) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
賭(か)け事の一種。0~36までの目盛りで37等分された、すり鉢形の精巧な回転盤の中に、1個のさいころを入れ、クルピエcourpierとよばれる専門家が、速い速度で回転させ、回転盤が停止したとき、どの目盛りのところにさいころが止まるかに金銭を賭ける。なお、アメリカ式の回転盤には0の目盛りが二つあり、38等分されている。賭け方には、37分の1の確率の賭け方から、1から36までの目盛りが順次に赤色と黒色とに色分けしてあって(0の目盛りは緑色か白色)、いずれの色の目盛りにさいころが止まるか2分の1の確率の賭け方まで、12種類ある。 ルーレットの起源は明らかでないが、フランス語で「回る車」の意味で、矢印を回転させその停止する位置によって賞品のよしあしを決める幼稚なくじ引きの用具が、しだいに改良されて、複雑で精巧な現在の回転盤が完成したと思われる。16~18世紀に世界的に流行し、ヨーロッパの上流社会では招宴の接待の方法として、社交的にルーレットを行う風習が生じたほどであったが、その後弊害を生じたため、19世紀初めごろから禁止する傾向が強まり、現在はほとんどの国が禁止している。しかし、アメリカのラス・ベガスやモナコなどのカジノ(公認賭博(とばく)場)には、その中心的な設備として備え付けられている。日本には第二次世界大戦後、一部の外国人が持ち込んだことがあり、その後も暴力団などがときどき秘密裏に設備して、客を集めて賭博場を開帳することがあるが、いずれも警察に摘発されている。現在は一部の会員制の団体が、娯楽の一つとして研究しているほか、一般には行われていない。 [倉茂貞助] ©Shogakukan"> ルーレットの賭け盤(アメリカ式) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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