Lumumba, Patrice

Japanese: ルムンバ（英語表記）Lumumba, Patrice

Born: July 2, 1925. Onaria
[Died] January 1961. Katanga Democratic Republic of Congo politician and nationalist movement leader. Full name Patrice Hemery Lumumba. After receiving his secondary education at a missionary school, he worked at a post office and other places while participating in political movements. In October 1958, he founded the Congolese National Movement (MNC). He attended the All-African People's Congress (AAPC) held in Accra, Ghana in December 1958, and after being inspired by nationalists from other regions, he became radicalized and began to advocate immediate independence. In November 1959, he was arrested for calling for the use of force to immediately liberate the Belgian Congo, but was released shortly thereafter. He participated in the independence negotiations in January 1960 and played a central role. In May 1960, the MNC became the leading party in the first general election in Congo, and he became the first prime minister at the same time as independence the following June. He aimed to create a nationalistic centralized socialist state, and was in conflict with President Joseph Kasavubu, who advocated tribal decentralization in the name of federalism. In September 1960, Kasavubu dismissed Lumumba, and Lumumba dismissed Kasavubu. In September of the same year, Colonel Joseph Mobutu staged a coup, and in December, Lumumba was captured by Mobutu's soldiers while fleeing to his base in Stanleyville (→ Kisangani), and was killed in the midst of the Congolese unrest. His main work is Le Congo-terre d'avenir-est-il menacé? (1961).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1925.7.2. オナリア
[没]1961.1. カタンガ
コンゴ民主共和国の政治家，民族運動指導者。フルネーム Patrice Hemery Lumumba。ミッション・スクールで中等教育を受けたのち郵便局などで働きながら政治運動に参加。1958年10月にコンゴ国民運動 MNCを結成。同 1958年12月にガーナのアクラで開かれた全アフリカ人民会議 AAPCに出席，他の諸地域の民族主義者の刺激を受けてから急進化し，即時独立の主張を打ち出した。1959年11月にはベルギー領コンゴの即時解放のための実力行使を唱えて逮捕されたがまもなく釈放され，1960年1月の独立交渉に参加，中心的役割を果たした。1960年5月コンゴ初の総選挙で MNCは第一党となり，翌6月の独立と同時に初代首相に就任。民族主義的な中央集権的社会主義国家を目指し，連邦主義の名のもとに部族主義的地方分権を主張するジョゼフ・カサブブ大統領と対立。1960年9月にはカサブブがルムンバを，ルムンバがカサブブを，互いに解任するという事態が発生した。さらに同 9月ジョゼフ・モブツ大佐のクーデターが起こり，12月ルムンバは根拠地スタンレービル（→キサンガニ）に逃れる途中，モブツの兵に捕えられ，コンゴ動乱のさなかに殺害された。主著『祖国は明日ほほえむ』Le Congo-terre d'avenir-est-il menacé?（1961）。

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