Luminol test - Luminol test

Japanese: ルミノール試験 - るみのーるしけん(英語表記)luminol test
Luminol test - Luminol test

It is a method of preliminary testing to select bloodstains that look like bloodstains. It was used in Japan during the Shimoyama Incident and became famous. The principle of the luminol test is that when a mixture of an alkaline solution of luminol and hydrogen peroxide is reacted with hemin (one of the conductors of hemoglobin), it produces strong chemical luminescence, making it extremely useful when testing in conditions where the bloodstain is unclear due to black fabric, or when testing large objects or places with a wide surface area. The sensitivity is positive even when blood is diluted 20,000 times, and there are few substances other than blood that emit light. However, the reagent itself may emit a slight light.

The reagents consist of 0.1 grams of luminol, 5.0 grams of anhydrous sodium carbonate, 15.0 cc of 30% hydrogen peroxide, and 100.0 cc of distilled water. If a large amount of this reagent is sprayed onto the test object, the bloodstain itself may be altered, or it may flow out or penetrate into the surrounding area, adversely affecting subsequent tests. Also, old bloodstains tend to emit a stronger light than fresh bloodstains.

[Tadataka Funao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

血痕(けっこん)のようにみえる「しみ」のなかから血痕らしいものを選び出すために行う予備試験の一方法。日本では「下山(しもやま)事件」のときに使用され、有名となった。ルミノール試験の原理は、ルミノールのアルカリ溶液と過酸化水素水の混合液にヘミン(ヘモグロビンの透導体の一つ)を作用させると強い化学発光を呈することを利用したもので、黒色の布地などで血痕付着部が不明瞭(めいりょう)な場合とか、大きな物体、広い面積をもつ場所といった条件下で検査を行うときに、きわめて便利である。鋭敏度は血液を2万倍に希釈しても陽性であり、血液以外で発光するものは少ない。しかし、試薬自体によってわずかに発光する場合がある。

 試薬はルミノール0.1グラム、無水炭酸ソーダ5.0グラム、30%過酸化水素水15.0cc、蒸留水100.0ccである。この試薬を大量に検査物に噴霧すると、血痕そのものが変性したり、周囲に流出、浸透して、以後の諸検査に悪影響を及ぼすことがある。また新鮮な血痕よりも古い血痕のほうが強く発光するという特徴がある。

[船尾忠孝]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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