Similar books - Ruisho

Japanese: 類書 - るいしょ
Similar books - Ruisho

Generally, it refers to books of the same type, but in China, it refers to books whose contents are classified and edited according to subject, and encyclopedias have developed in the form of 'ruisho' since ancient times. The 'Erya', which is said to have been compiled around the 2nd century BC, at the end of the Qin dynasty and the beginning of the Han dynasty, is a dictionary and encyclopedia that classifies each character into 19 categories and gives simple readings, and shows the beginnings of the 'ruisho'. In the 3rd century, Liu Xi of the Later Han dynasty compiled 8 volumes of the 'Shakumyo', which retained the format of the 'Erya' but also had the content of a 'ruisho'. The 100-volume 'Yiwen Ruiju' compiled by Ouyang Xun and others of the Tang dynasty is said to be a typical example of the established 'ruisho' format. The classification is divided into 45 sections, ranging from Heaven, Seasons, Earth, Provinces, and Commanderies to Auspicious Omens and Disasters, with each section listing the subject, along with a general overview and poems and prose quoted from classics. Many similar books were compiled from the Tang to Song dynasties, and this book is the basis for this. The early Ming Dynasty's "Yongle Encyclopedia," with 22,877 volumes (1409), and the early Qing Dynasty's "Imperially Approved Collection of Ancient and Modern Books," with 10,000 volumes (1725), both followed this format. The latter in particular is still in use today, due to its well-organized format and rich content.

In Japan, Chinese rule books were used, so original rule books did not develop, and excellent rule books suddenly appeared. In 831 (Tencho 8), Shigeno Sadanushi compiled the 1,000-volume "Hifuryaku" by extracting records from the Imperial Court's secret storehouse. In addition, Minamoto no Shitagō compiled the "Wamyō Ruijushō" (10-volume and 20-volume versions), which was compiled as a dictionary during the Shohei era (931-938), but it also categorizes nouns and is a rule book for national documents. The 560-volume Kokon Yoranko (Kokon Yoranko) ...

[Mitsunaga Yayoshi]

[Reference items] | Geibun Ruijū | Encyclopedia | Japanese and Chinese Sansai Zue | Wa Mei Ruijūsho
"The Yongle Encyclopedia"
Transcribed during the Jiajing period (1522-1566), Volume 2279, Commentaries, etc. , held at the National Diet Library">

"The Yongle Encyclopedia"

"Wamyo Ruijusho"
Old type edition, 20 volumes, left page is "Tenbu Daiichi", written by Minamoto no Jun, published around 1617 (Genwa 3), owned by the National Diet Library

"Wamyo Ruijusho"


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一般には同種類の書物をいうが、中国では内容を事項によって分類、編集した書物のことで、古来百科事典を類書の形式で発展させてきた。紀元前2世紀ごろ、秦(しん)末漢初に成立したといわれる『爾雅(じが)』は、各字を19編に分類して、単純な訓を与えた辞典と事典を兼ねたもので、類書の萌芽(ほうが)がみえる。3世紀になると、後漢(ごかん)の劉煕(りゅうき)が『釈名(しゃくみょう)』8巻を編したが、これは『爾雅』の形式を存しながら、類書の内容を備えたものであった。類書の形式を確立して、その典型といわれるのが唐の欧陽詢(おうようじゅん)ら編『芸文類聚(げいもんるいじゅう)』100巻である。分類は天、歳時、地、州、郡から瑞祥(ずいしょう)、災害まで45部とし、各部に事項名を配し、総説と古典の引用の詩文を掲げる。唐から宋(そう)にかけて多くの類書が編せられたが、これに拠(よ)っている。明(みん)初の『永楽大典』2万2877巻(1409)も、清(しん)初の『欽定(きんてい)古今図書集成』1万巻(1725)もその形式をとったものである。ことに後者は、形式が整備され内容豊富なために、現在もなお利用されている。

 日本では中国の類書を用いたので、独自な類書は発展せず、突発的に優れた類書が出現した。831年(天長8)に滋野貞主(しげののさだぬし)は、宮廷秘庫の群籍を抄出して『秘府略』1000巻を編した。また、源順(みなもとのしたごう)編の『倭(和)名類聚鈔(わみょうるいじゅしょう)』(十巻本と二十巻本がある)は承平年中(931~938)に辞典として編せられたが、名詞を分類別にしており、国書の類書でもある。江戸時代末に屋代弘賢(やしろひろかた)の編した『古今要覧稿(ここんようらんこう)』560巻(1821~1842)や明治時代の文部省計画による『古事類苑(こじるいえん)』1000巻(1896~1914)は、和書でこの形式をとったもの。寺島良安(りょうあん)編『和漢三才図会(わかんさんさいずえ)』100巻(1712序)は、中国に倣い、これを凌駕(りょうが)したもので、明治まで200年間にわたり実用に供せられた。以後、西洋の百科事典の形式に移った。

[彌吉光長]

[参照項目] | 芸文類聚 | 百科事典 | 和漢三才図会 | 倭名類聚抄
『永楽大典』
嘉靖年間(1522~1566)書写 巻2279 解縉等輯国立国会図書館所蔵">

『永楽大典』

『倭名類聚抄』
古活字版 二十巻本 左ページは「天部第一」 源順撰 1617年(元和3)ごろ刊国立国会図書館所蔵">

『倭名類聚抄』


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Ape - anthropoid

>>:  Ruiju Myogisho - Ruiju Myogisho

Recommend

Kingdom of Kakhetia

… The 18th century was a crucial period for Georg...

Balearica pavonina (English spelling)

...In Asia, the Red-crowned Crane G. nigricollis ...

Tropical Bird - Tropical Bird

A general term for birds in the Tropicidae family....

Hiroshi Masaki

Lawyer and militant humanist. Born in Tokyo. His ...

air pulsator jig

…Jigs are classified into piston jigs, diaphragm ...

school city

…In America at that time, the popularization of s...

Whorl

A fingerprint with a whorl or ring ridge in the ce...

Vasilii Konstantinovich Blyukher

1890‐1938 A military leader in the Soviet Union. H...

Kagamiyama

[1] A mountain on the border between Yasu City and...

Guangdong Delta

…During the Ming Dynasty, the Guangdong Provincia...

Goto Islands

A group of islands in the East China Sea, west of...

Idea Nazionale (English spelling)

...The movement progressed and led to the formati...

Ichikawa Kunigoro

...Composed by the first Kineya Yasaburo. Choreog...

Makedonia (English spelling) Makedonia

…Official name = Republic of MacedoniaRepublika M...

Eisenstaedt, A.

...photography that widely communicates events in...