Ape - anthropoid

Japanese: 類人猿 - るいじんえん(英語表記)anthropoid
Ape - anthropoid

A general term for animals belonging to the family Cercopithecidae, order Primates, superfamily Anthropoidea. Members of this family Pongidae are divided into the subfamily Ponginae or great apes, and the subfamily Hylobatinae or lesser apes, with the former including three genera and four species, and the latter including one genus and eight species. They are also sometimes divided into the Asian apes and the African apes. The former includes gibbons and orangutans, while the latter includes gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos. All live in tropical forests. They are distinguished from Cercopithecidae by the lack of tails and cheek pouches. Their dental formula is the same as that of Cercopithecidae and humans.

There are 32 bones. Great apes have particularly developed brains. The internal volume of the skull is 400cc in orangutans, 500cc in male gorillas, 400cc in female gorillas, and 400cc in chimpanzees, which is significantly lower than the 100cc of the small ape, the gibbon. The prototype of apes was excavated from the Faiyum site in Egypt during the Oligocene period of the Tertiary period. Apes are the phylogenetic group most closely related to humans, and are important in the study of human evolution.

[Junichiro Itani]

[References] | Primates
Orangutan
Found on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. It is the only anthropoid monkey that does not form unitary groups. Its upper limbs are significantly longer than its lower limbs, and its entire body is covered in sparse, reddish-brown hair. It lives in the trees of the rainforest, and its diet is biased towards fruit. It is also known as the scarlet gnat. Males are about 140cm tall and weigh about 70kg .

Orangutan

Chimpanzee
Distributed from Senegal to the vicinity of Lake Tanganyika. They live in tropical rainforests and sparse forests, forming multi-male, multi-female colonies. They mainly eat plants, but sometimes use tools such as tree branches to catch ants and prey on other mammals. Their entire bodies are covered in black hair, and their faces are exposed. Also known as the black-spotted hawk. Males are about 150cm tall (females about 130cm), and weigh about 40kg (females about 35kg). ©Shogakukan ">

Chimpanzee

Teichi Gorilla (Lowland Gorilla)
Distributed in Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, etc. It lives in rainforests and feeds mainly on leaves and stems of herbaceous plants and leaf stalks of tree ferns that contain a lot of moisture. Its body color is dark brown, and the back and belly of adult males become silvery white (silverback). It is also called the lowland gorilla. It is about 160 cm tall and weighs about 140 kg (male). ©Shogakukan ">

Teichi Gorilla (Lowland Gorilla)

Siamese Gibbon
The largest species of gibbon. Found from the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra. They live in groups consisting of one male and one female and their young, living in the trees. When they make loud noises, they inflate a huge pouch in their throat, creating a resonant sound. Head and body length is about 60cm, weight is about 10kg. ©Shogakukan ">

Siamese Gibbon


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哺乳(ほにゅう)綱霊長目ヒトニザル(ヒト)上科ショウジョウ科に属する動物の総称。この科Pongidaeの仲間は、ショウジョウ亜科Ponginaeまたは大形類人猿great apesと、テナガザル亜科Hylobatinaeまたは小形類人猿lesser apesに分かれ、前者には3属4種、後者には1属8種が含まれる。また、アジアの類人猿Asian apesとアフリカの類人猿African apesに分けることもある。前者はテナガザル類とオランウータンからなり、後者はゴリラ、チンパンジー、ボノボからなる。いずれも熱帯森林に生息する。尾をもたないこと、頬袋(ほおぶくろ)をもたないことでオナガザル類と区別される。歯式は、オナガザル類およびヒトと同じ

の32本である。大形類人猿はとくに発達した脳をもつ。頭蓋(とうがい)内容量は、オランウータン400cc、ゴリラの雄500cc、雌400cc、チンパンジー400ccで、小形類人猿であるテナガザルの100ccに比し格段の開きがある。類人猿の祖型は、第三紀漸新世のエジプトのファイユームから出土している。類人猿はヒトに最近縁の系統群で、人類進化の研究にとっては重要な存在である。

[伊谷純一郎]

[参照項目] | 霊長類
オランウータン
ボルネオ島とスマトラ島に分布。真猿類のなかで唯一、単位集団をもたない。上肢は下肢に比べて著しく長く、全身が赤褐色のまばらな長毛に覆われる。多雨林の樹上生活者で、食性は果実食への偏りをみせる。別名ショウジョウ。雄の身長約140cm、体重約70kg©Shogakukan">

オランウータン

チンパンジー
セネガルからタンガニーカ湖付近まで分布。熱帯雨林や疎開林などにすみ、複雄複雌の集団をつくって生活する。植物食が中心であるが、木の枝などの道具を用いてアリをとったり、他の哺乳動物を捕食することもある。全身黒色の毛に覆われ、顔は裸出する。別名クロショウジョウ。身長雄約150cm(雌約130cm)、体重雄約40kg(雌約35kg)©Shogakukan">

チンパンジー

テイチゴリラ(ローランドゴリラ)
カメルーン、コンゴ、ガボン、赤道ギニアなどに分布。多雨林にすみ、水分を多く含んだ草本の葉や茎、木生シダの葉柄などを主食とする。体色は暗褐色で、大人の雄の背から腹にかけては銀白色(シルバーバック)になる。ローランドゴリラともいう。身長約160cm、体重約140kg(雄)©Shogakukan">

テイチゴリラ(ローランドゴリラ)

フクロテナガザル
テナガザルのなかで最大種。マレー半島からスマトラ島に分布。雌雄各1頭とその子からなる集団をつくり、樹上生活する。大きな声を出すときは、のどにある巨大な袋をふくらませ、響鳴させる。頭胴長約60cm、体重約10kg©Shogakukan">

フクロテナガザル


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