An index showing the degree of effectiveness in blocking ultraviolet A rays (UVA) among ultraviolet rays (UV). Abbreviation for protection grade of UVA. Used to express the function of sunscreens. When exposed to UVA rays, human skin undergoes a reaction called persistent immediate tanning (a reaction in which the skin darkens slightly immediately after exposure). The minimum dose of UV rays that causes this reaction is called the minimum persistent immediate tanning dose (MPPDD), and the value calculated by dividing the MPPDD of an area where 2 milligrams of sunscreen per square centimeter is applied by the MPPDD of an area where sunscreen is not applied is called UVAPF. In Japan, the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association has decided to grade PA using the "+ (plus)" sign according to the UVAPF value as follows: PA+: UVA Fact Factor 2 or higher but lower than 4, provides UVA protection PA++: UVA Fact Factor 4 or higher but lower than 8, provides considerable UVA protection PA+++: UVA Fact Factor 8 or higher but lower than 16, provides excellent UVA protection PA++++: UVA Fact Factor 16 or higher, provides extremely high UVA protection In addition to UVA, ultraviolet B rays (UVB) can also affect the human body, and SPF (sun protection factor) is used as an indicator of the effectiveness of blocking UVB. The higher the PA grade and SPF value, the greater the UV blocking effect, but it is recommended to take into consideration factors such as the burden on the skin and use sunscreens with appropriate performance according to the season and situation. For example, sunscreens with SPF10-20, PA+-++, are appropriate for everyday life such as shopping and walking, SPF20-30, PA++-+++ for light outdoor sports and leisure activities, and SPF30-50+, PA++-++++ for leisure activities and marine sports under the hot sun. In order to fully utilize the performance of these sunscreens, it is also necessary to take measures such as reapplying a sufficient amount evenly every 2-3 hours. [Editorial Department, January 21, 2019] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
紫外線(UV:ultraviolet rays)のうち、紫外線A波(UVA)を遮断する効果の程度を示す指標。protection grade of UVAの略。サンスクリーン(日焼け止め)の機能を表すのに用いられる。 UVAの照射によってヒトの皮膚には持続型即時黒化とよばれる反応(照射直後から皮膚がわずかに黒くなる反応)が起こるが、この反応が起こる最小の紫外線量を最小持続型即時黒化量(MPPDD)といい、1平方センチメートル当り2ミリグラムのサンスクリーンを塗った部位のMPPDDを、塗らない部位のMPPDDで除して算出される値をUVAPFという。 国内では日本化粧品工業連合会により、UVAPFの値に応じて「+(プラス)」の記号を用いて以下のようにPAをグレード表示することが取り決められている。 PA+:UVAPF2以上~4未満、UVA防御効果がある PAのグレードやSPFの値が高いほど紫外線の遮断効果は高くなるが、皮膚への負担等も考慮し、季節や場面に応じた性能のサンスクリーンを適切に使用することが勧められる。たとえば、買い物や散歩などの日常生活ではSPF10~20、PA+~++程度、屋外での軽いスポーツやレジャーなどではSPF20~30、PA++~+++程度、炎天下でのレジャーやマリンスポーツなどではSPF30~50+、PA++~++++程度のサンスクリーンが適当と考えられる。また、これらのサンスクリーンの性能が十分に発揮されるためには、十分な量をむらなく、2~3時間おきに塗り直すなどの対応も必要である。 [編集部 2019年1月21日] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Paal L. (English notation) PaalL
The development code name for the 430FX, a chipset...
Two Catholic synods held in Lyon, France. (1) The ...
In addition to the above drawings, architectural ...
…It is a condition in which the sense of the body...
The title of a jiuta (traditional Japanese folk s...
...An annual grass of the grass family commonly f...
…However, suspicions arose from Zhu Xi (the Elder...
[Born] King Chungsuk 3 (1316) [Death] 14th of Marc...
A general name for polymers of alkenes (general f...
…However, a scale can be recognized even if the a...
Mass pilgrimages to Ise Shrine were seen during th...
1892‐1948 German geographer. Born in Greifswald as...
Italian thinker and journalist. Born as the only ...
... Ullambana is said to be a transliteration of ...
A village in Ena County, on the eastern edge of Gi...