Amako Tsunehisa

Japanese: 尼子経久 - あまこ・つねひさ

Year of death: Tenbun 10.11.13 (1541.11.30)
Year of birth: Choroku 2.11.20 (1458.12.25)
A military commander in the Sengoku period. Son of Kiyosada, the deputy governor of Izumo and Oki provinces of the Kyogoku clan. His mother was the daughter of Umaki Kozukenosuke. His name was Hajime Matashiro. He was called Tamibu no Shoyu and Iyo no Kami. In 1484 (Bunmei 16), he was expelled from the Muromachi Shogunate for seizing the main territories and dansen of temples and shrines, but he soon regained his power. After that, he rapidly consolidated his position as a Sengoku daimyo. One turning point was when the governor Kyogoku Masamune died in Izumo in 1508 (Eisho 5), entrusting his future affairs to Tsunehisa. This enabled Tsunehisa to control his territory to his advantage as the legitimate successor to the governor's authority. The following year, he established a set of rules that strongly controlled Wan'enji Temple, which had been a regional rallying point for the independent local lords, and also began the construction of Ichinomiya Kitsuki Taisha Shrine based on the temple architectural style. Through these efforts, he worked to gain control of the local lords and Ichinomiya. He also inherited the vassals of the Kyogoku clan, the provincial governor, and reorganized them around a group of direct vassals (Tomita-shu), which enabled him to quickly establish a powerful magistrate system, which also led to the stability of his control over his domain. Another turning point that led to his leap into becoming a Sengoku daimyo was when, before 1522, he sent his third son, Okihisa, to seize control of the traditionally powerful Shioya clan, which had a great influence in the western part of Izumo, and then defeated them in the Shioya Okihisa Rebellion in 1532, thereby establishing control over the entire domain of Izumo. Prior to this, he expanded his domain to western Hoki and eastern Iwami, respectively, on the pretext of providing assistance to Yamana Sumiyuki, the provincial governor of Hoki Province, from before 1522, and to the Yamana clan, the former provincial governor of Iwami Province, from 1523. Also, from 1523, he advanced his military forces into the Sanyo region, including Bingo, and expanded his influence in this area by controlling the local lords, which earned him the title of "Governor of eleven provinces." However, in 1522, he fought against the Ouchi clan in Aki, and in 1530, after his subordinate Mori Motonari joined the Ouchi clan, he also fought against the Mori clan. After retiring in 1556, he became the guardian of his grandson Akihisa (Haruhisa). In 1567, when Akihisa attacked the Mori clan in Aki and suffered a major defeat, he died in Tomita Castle. <References> Yonehara Masayoshi, "Amago Tsunehisa - Gassan Castle in the Storm"

(Inoue Hiroshi)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：天文10.11.13(1541.11.30)
生年：長禄2.11.20(1458.12.25)
戦国時代の武将。京極氏の出雲・隠岐両国守護代清定の子。母は馬木上野介の娘。はじめ又四郎。民部少輔,伊予守を称す。文明16(1484)年,寺社本所領・段銭などを押領して室町幕府から追放されたが,まもなく勢力を回復。以後急速に戦国大名への地歩を固めていった。そのひとつの契機となったのは,永正5(1508)年守護京極政経が,後事を託して出雲に没したこと。これにより経久は,正当な守護職権の継承者として領国支配を有利に展開することが可能となった。翌6年,それまで自立性の強い国人層の地域的結集の拠点であった,鰐淵寺を強力に統制する掟書を定め,寺院建築様式に基づく一宮杵築大社の造営にも着手。これらを通じて国人層および一宮の掌握に努めた。また守護京極氏の家臣団をそのまま継承し,これを直臣団(富田衆)中心に編成し直すことによって強力な奉行人制を早期に実現し得たことも領国支配の安定につながった。戦国大名へと飛躍することになったいまひとつの契機は,出雲西部に大きな勢力を誇っていた伝統的豪族塩冶氏を,同15年以前に3男興久を送り込むことによって掌握し,さらには天文1(1532)年の塩冶興久の乱を機にこれを討滅して,出雲全域におよぶ領国支配権を確立したことである。これより先,永正10年以前から伯耆国守護山名澄之,同14年には前石見国守護山名氏への助力を口実に,それぞれ伯耆西部,石見東部に版図を拡大。また同14年から,備後をはじめとする山陽方面に軍勢を進め,国人層の掌握を通してこの方面への影響力を拡大,「十一カ国太守」とも称された。しかし,大永2(1522)年には大内氏と安芸で戦い,また同5年,配下の毛利元就が大内氏に属したのちは毛利氏とも戦いを交えることとなった。天文6年に隠退して以降は孫詮久(晴久)を後見。詮久が毛利氏を安芸に攻めて大敗北を喫した同10年,富田城に没した。<参考文献>米原正義『尼子経久―風雲の月山城―』

(井上寛司)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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