Fukuyama Domain

The Tokugawa Fudai Domain ruled over the Fukuyama region of Bingo Province (Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture). In 1619 (Genwa 5), ​​after Fukushima Masanori was stripped of his title, Mizuno Katsunari was transferred from Koriyama, Yamato Province (Nara Prefecture) to 100,000 koku of land in seven Bingo districts and part of Oda and Shizuki districts in Bitchu Province (Okayama Prefecture). The domain continued for five generations through Katsutoshi, Katsuda, Katsutane, and Katsumi, but in 1698 (Genroku 11), Katsumi died of illness, ending the line without an heir. The first lord, Katsunari, was given special permission by the shogunate to acquire the remains of Fushimi Castle, including its turrets and Sujigane Gomon gate, which had been abandoned due to the One Castle per Province Law, and built Fukuyama Castle on Jokojiyama in Nogami Village, Fukatsu County, the latest in the history of castles in the Edo period. He constructed a castle town on the vast reed fields, and drove a wedge between the Tozama daimyo of the Chugoku region. The Mizuno clan developed large-scale new rice fields and irrigation reservoirs, encouraged the Bingo region, cotton cultivation, and salt farming, and in 1630 (Kan'ei 7), they were the first in the country to issue domain paper money. In 1698, Mizuno's estate became shogunate territory. In 1699, the Okayama domain carried out a land survey by order of the shogunate, and reduced its former fief of 100,000 koku to 150,000 koku, a reduction of 50,000 koku.

In 1700 (Genroku 13), Matsudaira (Okudaira) Tadamasa from Yamagata, Dewa Province, was granted 100,000 koku of land in five Bingo counties. 27 villages in Fukatsu and Numakuma counties were divided into six sub-counties. The remaining 50,000 koku became the domain of the shogunate, and the Bingo domain's 40,000 koku was placed under the control of the Joge magistrate's office in Konu County, and the Bitchu domain's 10,000 koku was assigned to the Kasaoka magistrate's office in Oda County. Later, in 1717 (Kyoho 2), Okudaira Masashige, who was appointed to Nakatsu in Buzen Province (now Oita Prefecture), was allocated over 20,000 koku in the Bingo territory of the Nakatsu domain, and in 1853 (Kaei 6), Abe Masahiro was given an additional 10,000 koku in recognition of his contributions to the shogunate as a senior councilor, so the shogunate's Bingo territory was allocated just under 10,000 koku.

In 1710 (7th year of the Hoei period), after Matsudaira Tadamasa was transferred to Kuwana in Ise Province (now Mie Prefecture), Abe Masakuni moved from Utsunomiya in Shimotsuke Province (now Tochigi Prefecture) to take over the domain. Ten generations of the family, including Masayoshi, Masasuke, Masatomo, Masakiyo, Masayasu, Masahiro, Masanori, Masakata, and Masatake, saw the Meiji Restoration. The Abe clan began to hold important posts in the shogunate again when Masafuku was appointed as the governor of Osaka Castle. Masamune was the sojaban (soujaban), temple and shrine magistrate, Kyoto shoshidai (shoshidai), and senior councilor, Masatomo was the sojaban, temple and shrine magistrate, and senior councilor, Masanori was the sojaban, temple and shrine magistrate, and senior councilor, Masayasu was the sojaban, and Masahiro was the sojaban, temple and shrine magistrate, and senior councilor, over six generations. The clan lords were stationed in Edo for successive generations, and with nearly 1,000 vassals stationed in Edo, the expenses in Edo increased and the clan suffered from chronic financial difficulties. In both 1770 (Meiwa 7) and 1786 and 1787 (Tenmei 6 and 7), the clan was plagued by uprisings across the domain demanding tax reductions. Masatomo resigned from his position as senior councilor and implemented the Kansei Reforms to restore the domain's government. Masahiro also devoted himself to domain administration, and in 1853 he opened the domain school Seishikan in Edo and Fukuyama, encouraged academic education, paved the way for the promotion of talented people, and actively carried out military reforms and policies to encourage industry. In the domain system reforms of 1869 (Meiji 2), a domain public assembly was established, with the upper house having the character of a domain samurai conference and the lower house consisting of 10 members elected by the county and town governments, creating a parliamentary system that was rare in the country. In 1871, the domain became Fukuyama Prefecture, and after passing through Fukatsu, Oda, and Okayama Prefectures, it was incorporated into Hiroshima Prefecture in 1876.

[Doi Sakuji]

"History of Fukuyama City, 3 volumes (1963-78, Fukuyama City)" ▽ "History of Hiroshima Prefecture, by Yoichi Goto (1972, Yamakawa Publishing)" ▽ "History of Hiroshima Prefecture, Early Modern Period 1 & 2" (1981, 1984, Hiroshima Prefecture)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

備後(びんご)国福山（広島県福山市）地方を領有した徳川譜代(ふだい)藩。1619年（元和5）福島正則(まさのり)改易のあと、水野勝成(かつなり)が大和(やまと)国（奈良県）郡山(こおりやま)から、備後7郡と備中(びっちゅう)国（岡山県）小田(おた)・後月(しづき)郡の一部10万石に入封。勝俊(かつとし)、勝貞(かつさだ)、勝種(かつたね)、勝岑(かつみね)と5代続くが、1698年（元禄11）勝岑が病死し、嗣子(しし)なく断絶する。初代勝成は幕府の特別の計らいで、一国一城令で廃城になった伏見(ふしみ)城の櫓(やぐら)・筋鉄(すじがね)御門などの遺構を入手し、深津郡野上(のがみ)村の常興寺(じょうこうじ)山に、城郭史上江戸時代でもっとも遅い時期に福山城を築き、一面の葭原(よしはら)に城下町を建設して、中国地方外様(とざま)大名の間に楔(くさび)を打ち込んだ。水野氏は、大規模な新田開発や用水池を整え、備後表、木綿栽培、塩田経営などを奨励し、1630年（寛永7）全国に先駆けて藩札を発行した。1698年水野遺領は幕府領になる。1699年幕府の命により岡山藩が検地を実施し、10万石の旧領知高を5万石打出しの15万石に決定した。

　1700年（元禄13）出羽国山形より松平（奥平）忠雅(ただまさ)が、備後5郡10万石に入封した。深津・沼隈(ぬまくま)両郡27か村を分けて分郡をつくり6郡となる。残る5万石は幕府領とし、備後領4万石弱を甲奴(こうぬ)郡上下(じょうげ)代官所支配、備中領1万石を小田郡笠岡(かさおか)代官所付に分けた。その後、1717年（享保2）豊前(ぶぜん)国（大分県）中津に入封した奥平昌成(まさしげ)の中津藩備後領に2万石余があてられ、また、1853年（嘉永6）阿部正弘(あべまさひろ)の老中として幕政に貢献した功により1万石の加増があったので、幕府備後領はわずかに1万石弱となっている。

　1710年（宝永7）松平忠雅の伊勢(いせ)国（三重県）桑名(くわな)に転封の後を受け、阿部正邦(まさくに)が下野(しもつけ)国（栃木県）宇都宮から入封、正福(まさよし)、正右(まさすけ)、正倫(まさとも)、正精(まさきよ)、正寧(まさやす)、正弘、正教(まさのり)、正方(まさかた)、正桓(まさたけ)と10代続き維新を迎えた。阿部氏は、正福が大坂城代に任じられたのをきっかけにふたたび幕府要職につくようになり、正右が奏者番(そうじゃばん)・寺社奉行(ぶぎょう)・京都所司代(しょしだい)・老中、正倫が奏者番・寺社奉行・老中、正精が奏者番・寺社奉行・老中、正寧が奏者番、正弘が奏者番・寺社奉行・老中と6代にわたって歴任している。藩主は代々定府(じょうふ)、1000人近い家臣団が江戸常駐のため、江戸出費がかさみ慢性的な財政難に苦しんだ。1770年（明和7）と86、87年（天明6、7）の両度に年貢減免を要求した全藩一揆(いっき)にみまわれる。正倫は老中を辞し、藩政立直しの寛政(かんせい)の改革を実施した。正弘は藩政にも意を注ぎ、1853年、江戸と福山に藩校誠之館(せいしかん)を開設し、学問教育を奨励、人材登用の道を開くとともに、軍制改革や殖産興業政策を積極的に行った。1869年（明治2）の藩制改革では、藩公議院を設置し、上院は藩士会議的性格、下院は郡町公選の議員10名で構成するなど、全国でも珍しい議会制を敷いた。71年福山県となり、深津・小田・岡山県を経て76年広島県に編入された。

［土井作治］

『『福山市史』全3巻（1963～78・福山市）』▽『後藤陽一著『広島県の歴史』（1972・山川出版社）』▽『『広島県史　近世1・2』（1981、84・広島県）』

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