Copying - Rinsho

To copy. A method of calligraphy where a model known as a famous name or famous calligraphy is placed nearby and carefully copied while studying it. The aim is to explore various calligraphy techniques such as the model's character shape, brush strokes, and brush techniques. Depending on the level of precision, there are methods called rinmo (copying), which involves copying the model through a transparent film, and kyoto (filling with ink with two hooks), which involves shining a light beam onto the back of the model's paper to take out the characters in a cage. In modern times, the compound words keirin (copying the shape faithfully) and irin (copying the intention of the model's brushwork) are also used. Among the relics from the history of Japanese calligraphy are the "Rakukiron" (Treasures of the Shosoin Repository) written by Empress Komyo, which is a faithful copy of one by Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China, and the "Tosa Nikki" (Two pages at the end of the book, Maeda Ikutoku Association), written by Fujiwara Teika, which is said to be a copy of a handwritten copy by Ki no Tsurayuki.

[Mitsuharu Kanzaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

臨(うつ)す（写す）こと。手習い方法の一つで、名跡・名筆とよばれる手本を傍らに置いて、これを熟覧しながらていねいに写す方法をいう。手本の字形、筆勢、用筆の技法など、さまざまな書道的技術を探ることを目的とする。写す精度の違いにより、手本を透(すき)写しにする臨摸(りんも)（臨写）、手本の紙背から光線を当てて籠字(かごじ)をとって写す響搨(きょうとう)（双鉤填墨(そうこうてんぼく)）とよぶ方法もある。現代では、形を忠実にまねる形臨(けいりん)、手本の筆意をくみ取る意臨(いりん)の熟語も使用される。日本書道史上の遺品では、中国・東晋(とうしん)時代の王羲之(おうぎし)のものを忠実に写した光明(こうみょう)皇后筆の『楽毅論(がっきろん)』（正倉院宝物）、紀貫之(きのつらゆき)自筆本を写したという藤原定家(ていか)筆『土左日記』（巻末二ページ、前田育徳会）をあげることができる。

［神崎充晴］

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