A cell organelle. Also written as lysosome. In the 1950s, Christian de Duve and his colleagues in Belgium discovered that some rat liver cell fractions contained granules slightly smaller than mitochondria that contained acid hydrolases. The enzymes contained in them included acid phosphatase, acid ribonuclease, acid deoxyribonuclease, cathepsin, and β-glucuronidase. Lysosomes are found in large quantities in cells that are active in phagocytosis, such as white blood cells, as well as in liver cells, and are therefore thought to be digestive organs for foreign substances that are ingested into the cells. One of the functions of lysosomes is autolysis (→ autolysis), in which lysosomes break down within the cell and the intracellular components self-digest. This is a phenomenon that commonly occurs after cell death. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
細胞小器官(→細胞器官)の一つ。ライソソーム,リソゾームとも記す。1950年代,ベルギーのクリスチャン・ド・デューブらが,ネズミの肝細胞分画にミトコンドリアよりもやや小型の顆粒で酸性の加水分解酵素を含むものがあることを発見した。含まれる酵素には,酸性ホスファターゼ,酸性リボヌクレアーゼおよび酸性デオキシリボヌクレアーゼ,カテプシン,β-グルクロニダーゼなどがある。リソソームは,肝臓細胞のほかにも白血球などの食作用の盛んな細胞内に多量に存在するので,細胞内に取り込んだ異物の消化器官と考えられている。またリソソームの働きの一つに,細胞内でリソソームが壊れて細胞内構成成分が自己消化をする自己融解作用(→自己分解)がある。これは細胞の死後に普通に生じる現象である。
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