Internal banquet

One of the annual events held by the Imperial Court. It was held every year, usually on the 20th of the first month, or on any of the days between the 21st and 23rd of the first month if that day was the day of the Rat. It refers to a private banquet hosted by the Emperor. It originated from a poetry banquet held at the Jijuden Hall in the Imperial Palace, where talented vassals gathered to compose Chinese poetry. It first appeared in historical documents in 809 (Daido 4) during the reign of Emperor Saga. There are various theories about the date, including 812 (Kōnin 3) and 813. It seems that it was originally an irregular banquet, but a fixed date was established around the reign of Emperor Ninmyo (833-850). The ceremony was discontinued after 1034 (Chogen 7) during the reign of Emperor Goichijo, but was revived by Fujiwara no Michinori (Shinzei) and others in 1158 (Hogen 3) when the Imperial Palace was newly constructed, and continued the following year, but then ceased. Specific details of the ceremony venue are depicted in the Annual Events Scroll, a picture of events created around the same time. From around the Insei period, it was a typical example of a waka and poetry gathering and influenced the content of subsequent literary events at the Imperial Court.

[Yoshihiko Sata]

"Kurabayashi Masatsugu, 'Research on Banquets: Rites' (1965, Ohfusha)" ▽ "Yamanaka Yutaka, 'Annual Events of the Heian Period' (1972, Hanawa Shobo)" ▽ "Suzuki Keizo, 'On the Annual Events Picture Scroll 'Nainen'" ('Japanese History' 134)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

朝廷年中行事の一つ。毎年、通常は正月20日、正月21日から23日のいずれか1日が子(ね)の日であれば当該日を選び行われた。天皇主催による内々の宴の意。内裏の仁寿殿(じじゅうでん)に作文(さくもん)（漢詩）に才ある臣下を集めて行われた詩宴が起源。史料上の初見は嵯峨天皇の809年（大同4）。812年（弘仁3）、813年などの諸説がある。本来は不定期の宴であったようだが、仁明(にんみょう)朝（833～850）頃より式日が定まった。後一条天皇の1034年（長元7）以後は途絶し、1158年（保元3） 内裏新造を機に藤原通憲(ふじわらのみちのり)（信西(しんぜい)）らが再興し、翌年も続行されるが以後は途絶えた。同時期に作成された行事絵『年中行事絵巻』中に具体的な式場の様子等が描かれている。院政期頃より和歌・詩会の遊宴の典型例として、以後の宮廷文芸行事の行事内容にも影響を与えた。

［佐多芳彦］

『倉林正次著『饗宴の研究　儀礼編』（1965・桜楓社）』▽『山中裕著『平安朝の年中行事』（1972・塙書房）』▽『鈴木敬三著「年中行事絵巻『内宴』について」（「日本歴史」134）』

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