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One of the feudal states of the Zhou Dynasty in China. The Zhou Dynasty expanded its sphere of influence after destroying the Yin Dynasty. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, several states were established as feudal states to conquer the former Yin lands and prepare for the East and North. One of these was Wei. Its first ruler was Kangshu, the younger brother of the Duke of Zhou. When King Ping of Zhou moved eastward (770 BC), Duke Wu of Wei led his troops to help the Zhou family. In 660 BC, Wei was invaded by the Di, a tribe thought to be from the north, and its ruler, Duke Yi, was killed, and the country temporarily lost its power. With the help of Qi, the country was rebuilt in Chuqiu (Henan Province), but it had already lost its foundation and moved to Diqiu (Henan Province) in 600 BC. Confucius wandered the former lands of the Yin Dynasty in his later years, and visited Wei as well. It survived into the Warring States period, and was destroyed by the First Emperor of Qin in 221 BC, the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Jiao (known as Jiao), who ascended to the throne in 241 BC. The record that it was destroyed during the reign of Emperor Qin II (209 BC) is due to a mis-arrangement made during the compilation of the Records of the Grand Historian.

[Takao Hirase]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、周(しゅう)代諸侯国の一つ。周は殷(いん)を滅ぼしてその勢力圏を拡大させた。周の初め、殷の故地の制圧、東方、北方への備えとしていくつかの国が封建されている。その一つが衛。初代は周公旦の弟康叔(こうしゅく)。周の平王が東遷（前770）したとき、衛の武公は兵を率いて周室を助けた。前660年、衛は北方の異族とされる狄(てき)の侵入を受け、国君懿公(いこう)は殺され、一時、国を失った。斉(せい)の援助で楚丘(そきゅう)（河南省）に国を再建できたが、もはやそれまでの基盤を失い、前600年には帝丘（河南省）に移った。孔子はその晩年に殷の故地を流浪し、この衛にも訪れている。戦国時代になっても命脈を保ち、前241年に即位した衛君角（名は角）の21年（前221）、秦(しん)の始皇帝に滅ぼされた。秦の二世のとき（前209）に滅ぼされたとする記録は、『史記』編纂の際の誤配による。

［平勢隆郎］

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