This is a color reaction of proteins. Xantho- is a prefix derived from the Greek word xanthós (yellow). Protein is a protein. This term refers to the phenomenon of proteins turning yellow. Adding about 1 milliliter of concentrated nitric acid to a small amount of a substance containing protein and boiling it for a few minutes turns it yellow. After cooling, it turns orange-yellow when made alkaline with ammonia. This reaction also occurs with amino acids that have a benzene ring, such as tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine, and with proteins that contain these, and the coloring is said to be due to the formation of nitro derivatives of benzene. Compared to serum albumin, collagen and gelatin, which have a composition ratio of these aromatic amino acids of about one-third, have low coloring. When concentrated nitric acid is used in chemical experiments, the hands and fingers turn yellow due to this reaction. [Yoshio Narusawa] [Reference] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
タンパク質の呈色反応の一つ。xantho-はギリシア語のxanthós(黄色)に由来する接頭語。proteinはタンパク質。タンパク質が黄変する現象を示す用語。タンパク質を含む物質の少量に濃硝酸1ミリリットルほどを加え、数分間煮沸すると黄色となる。冷却後アンモニアでアルカリ性にすると橙黄(とうこう)色に変化する。この反応は、ベンゼン環をもつチロシン、トリプトファン、フェニルアラニンなどのアミノ酸自身、またこれらを含むタンパク質でもおこるもので、呈色はベンゼンのニトロ誘導体生成に基づくものであるとされている。血清アルブミンに比べ、これら芳香族アミノ酸の組成比が3分の1程度のコラーゲンやゼラチンは発色性が低い。化学実験などで濃硝酸を扱ったとき、手や指などが黄色になるのは、この反応のためである。 [成澤芳男] [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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