Salpingitis - Rankanen (English spelling) Salpingitis

Japanese: 卵管炎 - らんかんえん(英語表記)salpingitis
Salpingitis - Rankanen (English spelling) Salpingitis

It refers to inflammation of the fallopian tubes, and is one of the most common inflammations of the female genital tract. The female internal genital organs, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus, are prone to infection and spread because they are connected to the outside world. Clinically, the ovaries and fallopian tubes, as well as the tissues that connect to them, such as the peritoneum and ligaments, are called the uterine adnexa, and salpingitis is the central adnexitis, which often spreads to the ovaries and surrounding tissues, in which case it is also called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

The causative bacteria of salpingitis include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Escherichia coli. The most common route of infection is ascending infection, where Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the lower genital tract rises from the cervix, triggered by menstruation, intrauterine manipulation (such as curettage and insertion of an IUD), and sexual activity with an unspecified number of people. In addition, hematogenous or lymphatic infections such as septic infections, or descending or continuous infections from nearby organs such as appendicitis, can also occur. Symptoms vary depending on the type and toxicity of the causative bacteria, the patient's resistance, and can take a variety of forms, including acute, chronic, and latent. In cases caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or pyogenes, the acute stage is characterized by severe lower abdominal and lower back pain, fever, and vomiting. Symptoms in the chronic stage are mainly caused by adhesions in the fallopian tubes, and include dull lower abdominal pain and pain during intercourse. Treatment involves complete bed rest during the acute phase and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. In tuberculous cases, antituberculous drugs are used. Salpingitis is rarely life-threatening, but if an inflammatory mass or abscess forms and the patency of the fallopian tubes is not restored, it may cause infertility or ectopic pregnancy, requiring surgical treatment.

[Masao Arai]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

卵管の炎症をいい、女性性器の炎症のうちでは頻度の高い疾患の一つである。卵巣、卵管、子宮など女性の内性器は外界と交通性を保つので感染を受けやすく、また拡大しやすい。臨床上、卵巣と卵管およびこれに連絡する腹膜や靭帯(じんたい)などの諸組織を含めて子宮付属器とよぶが、卵管炎はこの付属器炎adnexitisの中心となるもので、しばしば卵巣をはじめ周辺組織に波及するが、この場合は骨盤内炎症性疾患(PID)ともよばれる。

 卵管炎の起炎菌には淋(りん)菌をはじめ、ブドウ球菌などの化膿(かのう)菌、結核菌、大腸菌などがある。感染経路としては、下部性器にある淋菌などが子宮頸管(けいかん)から上昇してくる上行性感染がもっとも多く、月経や子宮内操作(掻爬(そうは)やIUDなどの挿入など)のほか、不特定多数との性行動などが誘因となる。このほか、敗血症感染などの血行性やリンパ行性感染、あるいは虫垂炎など近接臓器からの下行性ならびに連続性感染もみられる。症状は起炎菌の種類や毒性、患者の抵抗力などによって異なり、急性、慢性、潜伏性など多様な経過をとる。淋菌や化膿菌による場合は急性で、下腹部痛や腰痛が激しく、発熱や嘔吐(おうと)などもみられる。慢性期の症状は主として卵管の癒着によるもので、下腹部の鈍痛や性交痛などがみられる。治療としては、急性期には絶対安静を守り、一般に広域スペクトルの抗生物質を用いる。結核性の場合は抗結核薬を使う。卵管炎による生命の危険はまれであるが、炎症性腫瘤(しゅりゅう)や膿瘍(のうよう)を形成して卵管の疎通性が回復されない場合は、不妊症や子宮外妊娠の原因となることもあり、外科的な治療を要する。

[新井正夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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