...The larger the body, the smaller the body surface area compared to body weight, so less heat is dissipated, less heat is generated through metabolism to maintain body temperature, and the number of breaths per unit time is reduced, resulting in less physical wastage. Max Rubner (1854-1932) proposed the law that the metabolic rate of an animal is constant throughout its life, and that the metabolic rate of an individual is proportional to the surface area of its body. In other words, the daily calorie consumption per unit body weight and the limiting lifespan are roughly inversely proportional, so the larger the animal, the longer the lifespan. ... From [Body surface area]...refers to the total area of an animal's body surface. The amount of heat (basal metabolic rate) of basal metabolism of warm-blooded animals varies depending on the size of the body, but it is known to be approximately proportional to the body surface area rather than to the weight (Law of Body Surface Area, Rubner, 1888). For this reason, basal metabolic rate is calculated from body surface area, energy metabolism is expressed as a unit of body surface area, and the dosage of drugs for children and small animals is determined from body surface area. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Rubner, M." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…体が大きいほど,体重に比べて体表面積が小さいので熱の発散が少なく,体温を維持するための代謝による発熱が少なくてすみ,単位時間当りの呼吸回数も少なくて体の消耗が小さいというのである。ルーブナーMax Rubner(1854‐1932)は,動物の一生の代謝量は一定であり,個体の代謝量は体の表面積に比例するという法則を提唱した。つまり,単位体重当りの1日の消費熱量と限界寿命がほぼ逆比例するので,大きい動物ほど寿命が長い。… 【体表面積】より…動物体表面の総面積のことをいう。恒温動物の基礎代謝の熱量(基礎代謝量)は,身体の大きさによって違うが,体重よりもむしろその体表面積に近似的に比例することが知られている(体表面積の法則,1888年ルーブナーM.Rubner)。このことから,体表面積から基礎代謝量を計算したり,エネルギー代謝量を単位体表面積で表示したり,あるいは小児や小動物への薬物投与量を体表面積から決定したりしている。… ※「Rubner,M.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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