Anatol Rapoport

American mathematician and psychologist. Along with Kenneth Boulding, he is well known as one of the founders of American peace studies. Born in Russia, he moved to the United States in 1922 and became a naturalized citizen in 1928. After working as a pianist in Vienna, he obtained his doctorate in mathematics at the University of Chicago and studied at the University of Michigan. His famous works, such as Fights, Games, and Debates (1960) and Prisoner's Dilemma (1965, co-authored), were written there. He later taught mathematics and psychology at the University of Toronto, and served as director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Vienna before returning to the University of Toronto. He established the College of Science for Peace at the university, arguing that empirical peace research cannot bring about peace unless it can be applied institutionally, and developed a broad theory of peace that includes institutionalization. He is the author of many books, including Strategy and Conscience (1964), N-Person Game Theory (1970), Conflict in Man-made Environment (1974), Origins of Violence (1989), and Peace (1993), which are timeless masterpieces. He also wrote an autobiography, Certainties and Doubts (2001).

[Kanji Seki and Masashi Matsuo]

"Operational Philosophy: The Integration of Thought and Action" by A. Rappaport, translated by Sanada Yoshiko (1967, Seishin Shobo) " ▽ "Strategy and Conscience, Vol. 1, translated by Sakamoto Yoshikazu, Seki Kanji, and Yuasa Yoshimasa (1972, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "The Prisoner's Dilemma: A Psychological Study of Conflict and Cooperation" by A. Rappaport and A.M. Chamar, translated by Hiromatsu Takeshi et al. (1983, Keimeisha)" ▽ "Modern Theory of War and Peace" by A. Rappaport, translated and edited by Seki Kanji (Iwanami Shinsho)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

アメリカの数学者、心理学者。アメリカ平和研究の開祖としてケネス・ボールディングとともに著名。ロシア生まれ。1922年渡米し、1928年帰化。ウィーンでピアニストとして活動したのち、シカゴ大学で数学の博士号を得、ミシガン大学で研究した。『戦争・ゲーム・論争』Fights, Games, and Debates（1960）、『囚人のジレンマ』Prisoner's Dilemma（1965、共著）のような名著もそこで生まれた。その後トロント大学で数学と心理学を講じ、ウィーンの高等研究所所長を経てトロント大学に戻った。同大学に「平和科学カレッジ」College of Science for Peaceを開設し、実証平和研究も制度上応用が可能にならない限り平和をもたらしえないと論じて、制度化を含む広範な平和理論を展開した。著書は多く、なかでも『戦略と良心』Strategy and Conscience（1964）、『N人ゲーム理論』N-Person Game Theory（1970）、『人工環境の中での紛争』Conflict in Man-made Environment（1974）、『暴力の起源』Origins of Violence（1989）、『平和』Peace（1993）などは不朽の金字塔である。ほかに自伝『確信と懐疑』Certainties and Doubts（2001）もある。

［関　寛治・松尾雅嗣］

『A・ラパポート著、真田淑子訳『操作主義哲学――思考と行動の統合』（1967・誠信書房）』▽『坂本義和・関寛治・湯浅義正訳『戦略と良心　上』（1972・岩波書店）』▽『A・ラパポート・A・M・チャマー著、廣松毅他訳『囚人のジレンマ――紛争と協力に関する心理学的研究』（1983・啓明社）』▽『A・ラパポート著、関寛治編訳『現代の戦争と平和の理論』（岩波新書）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例