Lateran councils

Japanese: ラテラノ公会議 - ラテラノこうかいぎ（英語表記）Lateran councils

Five church councils were held mainly in the Lateran Basilica in Rome. The first was convened by Pope Calixtus II in 1123, and decided on various items related to church discipline and politics. It also discussed the Concordat of Bormus of the previous year. The second was convened by Pope Innocent II in 1139 to condemn his supporters after the death of Anacletus II, who had been elected at the same time as him. It adopted resolutions such as invalidating marriages between senior clergy and monks. The third was convened by Pope Alexander III in 79 based on the Treaty of Venice. It decided that the Pope should be elected by a two-thirds majority. The fourth was convened by Pope Innocent III in 1215, and decided to condemn the Cathars, and discussed the restoration of the Holy Land and church reform. Communion and confession at least once a year were also made mandatory. The fifth was convened by Pope Julius II and Pope Leo X from 1512 to 1517. He concluded the Concordat of Bologna with the King of France, abrogated the Decree of Bourges, and rejected the conciliar primacy of the Councils of Constance and Basel.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ローマのラテラノ大聖堂を中心に開かれた5回の教会会議。第1回は 1123年教皇カリクスツス2世が招集，教会規律，政治に関する諸項を決定。前年のボルムスの協約をも討議。第2回は 39年インノケンチウス2世が自己と同時に選出されたアナクレツス2世の死後，その支持者を断罪するために招集。上級聖職者と修道者の結婚を無効とする決議などを採択。第3回は 79年アレクサンデル3世がベネチア和約に基づいて招集。教皇は3分の2以上で選出すべきことを決定。第4回は 1215年インノケンチウス3世が招集，カタリ派断罪を決定，聖地回復と教会改革を議した。年に最低1度の聖体拝領，告解も義務づけられた。第5回は 1512～17年ユリウス2世とレオ 10世が招集。フランス王とボローニャの政教協定を結んでブールジュの国事詔書を破棄，コンスタンスおよびバーゼル教会会議の公会議首位説を退けた。

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