Usance - Usance (English spelling)

Japanese: ユーザンス - ゆーざんす(英語表記)usance
Usance - Usance (English spelling)

Originally, it refers to the grace period when a bill is not due at sight, but is allowed a certain period of grace, such as three or four months, after sight. Such bills are called usance bills, as opposed to sight bills.

However, today the term has evolved to mean a payment grace period, deferred payment financing, or the provision of credit for a certain period of time.

Usance in trade settlement includes shipper's usance, foreign bank usance, and Japanese bank usance. Shipper's usance is when the exporter (shipper) gives credit directly to the importer without the intervention of a bank, and postpones payment for a certain period of time. Foreign bank usance is when the exporter issues a time-limited bill, and the interest until the bill matures is borne by the importer, but the bill is purchased by a foreign bank in the exporting country, which then pays the price in advance to the exporter on behalf of the importer. In other words, the foreign bank provides credit to the importer during the payment grace period. Japanese bank usance is when the Japanese bank in the exporting country provides credit similar to foreign bank usance to the importer.

In addition, there used to be something called Bank of Japan usance. This was a system in which, when the above usances were not possible, the Bank of Japan would lend to a foreign exchange bank, thereby allowing importers to postpone import bill settlement for a certain period of time. Importers could dispose of the goods they received during this period, making payment easier. However, this Bank of Japan usance was unique from other usances, as it was a central bank credit, and was completely abolished in 1954 (Showa 29) and replaced by the Import Settlement Bill System, but its handling was also suspended from 1966 onwards.

[Tsuchiya Rokuro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

本来は、手形が一覧払いでなく、一覧後3か月とか4か月とか一定期間支払いの猶予を認められる場合に、その支払猶予期間をさす。このような手形を一覧払手形sight billに対して期限付手形usance billとよぶ。

 しかし、今日ではその語義から転じて、支払猶予、支払繰延金融、または一定期間の信用の供与などの意味に用いられている。

 貿易決済におけるユーザンスには、シッパーズ・ユーザンスshipper's usance、外銀ユーザンス、邦銀ユーザンスなどがある。シッパーズ・ユーザンスは、輸出業者(シッパー)が銀行を介在せずに直接輸入業者に信用を与え、一定期間代金の支払いを猶予するものである。外銀ユーザンスは、輸出業者が期限付手形を振り出す場合であって、手形が満期になるまでの金利は輸入業者が負担するが、手形は輸出地の外銀が買い取り、輸入業者にかわって外銀が輸出業者に代金を前払いする。つまり、支払猶予期間は外銀が輸入業者に対して信用を供与したことになる。邦銀ユーザンスは、輸出地の邦銀が外銀ユーザンスと同様の信用を輸入業者に対して供与することである。

 なお、このほかに、かつては日銀ユーザンスというのがあった。これは、前記の各ユーザンスが不可能な場合、日本銀行が外国為替(かわせ)銀行へ貸し出すことによって、輸入業者の輸入手形決済を一定期間猶予させる制度であった。輸入業者はこの期間中に着荷を処分することができるので、支払いが容易になる。しかし、この日銀ユーザンスは、中央銀行信用であるだけに他のユーザンスとは異なって特殊なものであり、1954年(昭和29)に全廃されて輸入決済手形制度となったが、さらに66年以降はその取扱いも停止された。

[土屋六郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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