Jakob Johann von Uexküll

Japanese: ユクスキュル - ゆくすきゅる(英語表記)Jakob Johann von Uexküll
Jakob Johann von Uexküll

German theoretical biologist. He studied zoology at the University of Dorpat and comparative physiology under Wilhelm Friedrich Kühne (1837-1900) at the University of Heidelberg. He led a free research life unrelated to universities until he was appointed professor emeritus at the Institute for the Study of the Environment and World at the University of Hamburg in 1926. He paved the way for a new field of bioethology that rejected anthropocentrism and objectively observed and described animal behavior. His theory of the environment, which describes the relationship between an animal as a subject and the environment it perceives and acts on as a "functional circle" and explains how this creates an environment (Umwelt) specific to the animal's species within the wider whole of nature, is said to be a pioneering concept of modern systems analysis in that it is based on the "planning" of nature.

[Yasuko Murofushi]

"The World Seen from the Perspective of Living Things" by J.J. Uexküll and G. Krissart, translated by Toshitaka Hidaka et al. (1973, Shisosha/Iwanami Bunko)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの理論生物学者。ドルパット大学で動物学を学び、ハイデルベルク大学のキューネWilhelm Friedrich Kühne(1837―1900)のもとで比較生理学を研究したのち、1926年にハンブルク大学の環境世界研究所に名誉教授として迎えられるまで、大学とは関係のない自由な研究生活を送り、人間中心主義を排して動物の行動を客観的に観察・記述する新しい生物行動学への道を開いた。主体としての動物と、それが知覚し作用する環境との関係を「機能環」として表現し、それらがさらに広い自然全体のなかでその動物の種特有の環境世界Umweltをつくることを説いた彼の環境世界論は、自然の「計画性」を前提としている点で、現代のシステム分析の先駆的構想といわれる。

[室伏靖子]

『J・J・ユクスキュル、G・クリサート著、日高敏隆他訳『生物から見た世界』(1973・思索社/岩波文庫)』

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