Law of conservation of momentum
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This law states that when no external forces are applied, the momentum of a point mass, object, or a mechanical system that is a collection of these remains constant regardless of time. When a point mass with mass m moves at a speed v , its momentum is mv , so if mv is constant when no forces are applied, then v is constant, in other words, it is uniform velocity motion. Therefore, this conservation law is equivalent to the law of inertia. Also, in a collision problem between two objects, the forces acting between the two objects cancel each other out and are zero according to the law of action and reaction, and external forces can be ignored, so the sum of the momentum of both objects is conserved and constant. Rocket propulsion is explained by the law of conservation of momentum. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
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外から力が加わらないとき，質点や物体，またはそれらの集りである力学系の運動量が時間によらず一定であるという法則。質量 mの質点が速度 vで運動するとき，その運動量は mvであるから，力が加わらないとき mvが一定ならば，vは一定，すなわち等速度運動となる。よって，この保存則は慣性の法則と同等である。また，2つの物体の衝突問題では，2物体間に働く力は作用反作用の法則によって打消し合ってゼロであり，外からの力は無視できるので，両物体の運動量の和は保存されて一定である。ロケットの推進は運動量の保存則により説明される。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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