It is the number of people who had a disease at a certain point in time divided by the corresponding population. It can also be calculated by disease or human group (sex, age, region, etc.). Prevalence is calculated to discuss which human groups have high or low prevalence of which diseases (descriptive epidemiology). However, while chronic diseases such as tuberculosis can be detected by a survey at a certain point in time, acute diseases such as dysentery are cured quickly, so it is difficult to detect the presence of patients in a survey at a certain point in time. Therefore, the prevalence rate is high for chronic diseases and low for acute diseases. Therefore, the prevalence rate of a disease is divided by the incidence rate of the disease to calculate the average duration of the disease. As the prevalence rate of acute diseases tends to be low, the prevalence rate of acute diseases is often statistically insignificant. The population, which is the denominator of the division, must be the population that is likely to be affected by the disease. For example, the prevalence rate of uterine cancer is the female population. [Minoru Sugita] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある時点に疾病であった者の数をそれに対応する人口で割ったものをいう。疾病別あるいは人間集団別(性、年齢、地域別等)に計算することもできる。有病率は、どの人間集団にどんな疾病の有病率が高いか、あるいは低いかを論ずる(記載疫学)ために求められるものである。しかし、結核のような慢性疾病では、ある時点で調査しても患者の存在をとらえられるが、赤痢のような急性疾病では、すぐに治癒してしまうので、時点調査で患者の存在をとらえることは困難である。したがって、有病率は慢性疾病では高く、急性疾病では低い値となる。そこで、ある疾病の有病率をその疾病の罹患(りかん)率で割って、その疾病の平均有病期間を計算することも行われる。このように急性疾病の有病率は低い値となりがちなため、急性疾病のそれは統計学的に意義の小さいものになることが多い。なお、割り算の分母である人口は、その疾病に罹患する可能性のある人口でなければならない。たとえば、子宮癌(がん)の有病率では女性の人口が分母となる、などである。 [杉田 稔] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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