The 25th President of the United States (in office 1897-1901). Born January 29th in Ohio. After serving in the Civil War, he opened a law practice in Canton, Ohio. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1877 to 1891 (except from 1883 to 1985). During this time, he proposed the McKinley Tariff, a highly protective tariff law, in 1890, and won its passage. After serving two terms as Governor of Ohio from 1892, he was nominated as the Republican presidential candidate in 1896 with the support of Marcus Hanna. During the election campaign, with the support of the entire business community, he advocated "sound money" (a position opposed to currency expansionism such as free silver) and protective tariffs, and defeated Democrat Bryan. During his term as president, he enacted the Dingley Tariff Act (1897), an unprecedentedly high protective tariff, and the Gold Standard Act (1900), while also waging the Spanish-American War in 1898, achieving the annexation of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Hawaii, and other territories, and pursuing an open-door policy toward China, solidifying America's position as an imperialist power. Although he was re-elected in 1900, he was assassinated by an anarchist on September 14, 1901. Traditionally, he has been considered a weak president, but recent research has shown that he instead demonstrated strong leadership in both domestic and foreign affairs, and was concerned with harmonizing the interests of various nations, making him the beginning of the modern president. [Ryo Yokoyama] "The Formation of American Imperialism" by Mikio Yamamoto (1977, Minerva Shobo) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカ合衆国第25代大統領(在任1897~1901)。1月29日オハイオ州に生まれる。南北戦争に従軍したのち、同州カントンにおいて弁護士を開業。1877年より91年まで(83~85年を除く)連邦下院議員を務めた。この間、90年には高率保護関税法であるマッキンリー関税法を提案し、その成立を得た。92年よりオハイオ州知事を2期務めたのち、マーカス・ハナの後援を得て、96年共和党大統領候補に指名された。選挙戦では、実業界あげての支援のもとに、「健全通貨」(サウンド・マネー。フリー・シルバーなどの通貨膨張論に反対する立場)と保護関税を唱えて、民主党のブライアンを破った。大統領在任中、未曽有(みぞう)の高率保護関税法であるディングレー関税法(1897)、金本位法(1900)などの制定を実現する一方、98年アメリカ・スペイン戦争を遂行し、フィリピン、プエルト・リコ、グアム、ハワイなどの併合を達成し、また、中国に対しては門戸開放政策を追求するなど、帝国主義列強としてのアメリカの地位を決定づけた。1900年再選を果たしたものの、01年9月14日アナキストにより暗殺された。彼は従来、弱い大統領との評価を受けてきたが、最近の研究によれば、むしろ、内政、外交両面において強い指導性を発揮し、しかも国内各利益の調和に意を用いた、いわば現代的大統領の端緒とされている。 [横山 良] 『山本幹雄著『アメリカ帝国主義の形成』(1977・ミネルヴァ書房)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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