A type of spore that is an asexual reproductive cell of an organism. It is formed in a zoosporangium and has a flagellum. It generally does not have a cell wall, swims in water, and when it reaches a suitable substrate, it comes to a stop, discards or absorbs the flagellum and produces a cell wall, and when it germinates, it usually becomes a new individual. There are two types of flagella: caudal and feathery. Caudal flagella are surrounded by a cytoplasmic sheath for most of their length, and their tip protrudes. The front end of the zoospore of green algae has two caudal flagella of equal length, while Myxomycetes have a pair of one long and one short at the front end, and Chytrids have one at the rear end. A feathery flagellum has many thin accessory filaments arranged in rows on the left and right, and Chytrids have one at the front end of the zoospore. The zoospores of brown plants, oomycetes, and labyrinthulida have one pair of feathery and caudal flagella at the front end or on the side. The flagellar accessory filaments are small enough to be seen under an electron microscope, so they are often omitted in diagrams of zoospores. Zoospores can germinate to produce zoospores (diplomorphic or polyplomorphic), and dimorphism can also be observed between the primary and secondary swimming stages. [Hironori Terakawa] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生物の無性生殖細胞である胞子の一種。遊走子嚢(のう)内に形成され、鞭毛(べんもう)がある。一般に細胞壁がなく、水中を遊泳し、適当な基物に達すると静止し、鞭毛を捨てるか吸収して細胞壁を生じ、発芽すると通常は新個体となる。鞭毛には尾型と羽型がある。尾型鞭毛は全長の大部分が細胞質の鞘(さや)で包まれ、先端部が突き出ている。緑藻類の遊走子の前端には等長の尾型鞭毛2本があり、変形菌類では前端に長短各1本1組があり、ツボカビ類では後端に1本がある。羽型鞭毛は細い付属糸多数が左右に列生し、これが遊走子の前端に1本あるのはサカゲツボカビ類である。褐色植物、および卵菌類とラビリンチュラ類の遊走子には、羽型鞭毛と尾型鞭毛各1本1組が前端か側面にある。鞭毛の付属糸は電子顕微鏡で見られる大きさのものであるため、遊走子の図ではしばしば省略される。遊走子が発芽して遊走子を生ずること(2回遊泳性、多回遊泳性)もあるほか、一次遊泳期と二次遊泳期では形態が異なる二形性もみられる。 [寺川博典] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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