Aestheticism is a worldview or outlook on life that values beauty as the highest of all values. In art, it refers to the attitude of pursuing beauty as the only and absolute goal. In terms of life, it is linked to hedonism and includes a tendency to turn real life into art. In literary history, in the second half of the 19th century, Poe, Baudelaire, Wilde, and others rejected nature as the so-called "art supremacy," and advocated the creation of a fantasy world unique to art, placing more importance on sensation than thought or emotion, and transcending morality in the pursuit of the autonomy of beauty. From there, it tended to approach Satanism, which exalts evil. In Japan, it emerged from the end of the Meiji period to the Taisho period as a counter to naturalism. Representative examples are poets such as Kitahara Hakushu and Yoshii Isamu, who wrote "Subaru," and novelists such as Nagai Kafu and Tanizaki Junichiro. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
耽美主義ともいう。あらゆる価値のうちで美を最高のものとする世界観ないし人生観。芸術のうえでは美を唯一絶対の目的として追究する態度をいう。生活上の立場としては享楽主義と結びつき,実際生活をも芸術化しようとする傾向を含む。文芸史上では 19世紀後半に,いわゆる「芸術至上主義」としてポー,ボードレール,ワイルドらによって自然を排し,芸術独自の空想世界の創造を目的とし,思想や感情よりも感覚を重んじ,道徳性を超脱して美の自律性を追究することなどが主張された。そこから悪を顕揚する悪魔主義に近づく傾向があった。日本では,明治末から大正にかけて,自然主義に対抗する形で登場した。『スバル』の北原白秋や吉井勇などの歌人,永井荷風,谷崎潤一郎などの小説家がその代表である。
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