Uralic peoples - Uralic peoples

Japanese: ウラル語系諸族 - ウラルごけいしょぞく（英語表記）Uralic peoples

A general term for the ethnic groups that live mainly in the Ural Mountains and speak languages belonging to the Uralic language family. In terms of physique, they can be classified into the short-bodied, short-headed Sami, the tall-bodied Baltic-Finnish, the Volga-Permian, Ob-Ugric, Magyars, and the Mongoloid-like Samodi. The Finns in the strict sense, as the people of Finland, and the Magyars as the people of Hungary, have influence in northern and eastern Europe, and are culturally and population-wise superior to the Finnic and Ugric groups, respectively. On the other hand, the northern groups, such as the Sami scattered in the northernmost part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and the former Soviet Union, and the Samodi people living on the Arctic Ocean coast mainly in northwestern Siberia, live by reindeer herding, hunting, fishing, and other occupations, and are mostly semi-nomadic. The southern peoples are settled agriculturalists, and an advanced agricultural culture developed early on, especially in the Volga and Danube river basins. The social organization of the eastern peoples is of anthropological interest, but in general it is patrilineal, divided into many exogamous clans, and has a pattern of trade marriage. Animism, ancestor worship, and prayers to ward off evil are common among the Uralic-speaking peoples, and each people has its own collection of spells and words, including the fetish worship of the Samodi peoples, which are kept by shamans.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ウラル山脈を中心に分布しウラル語族に属する言語を用いる諸民族の総称。形質的には，短身，短頭のサミ人，長身のバルト＝フィン族，その他ボルガ＝ペルム族，オビ＝ウゴル族，マジャール族，それにモンゴロイド的特徴をもつサモディ諸族とに分類できる。狭義のフィン族はフィンランドの国民として，マジャール族はハンガリーの国民として，北・東部ヨーロッパに影響力をもち，文化的にも人口規模のうえでも，それぞれフィン系諸族，ウゴル系諸族中優位を占める。一方，スカンジナビア半島の最北端や旧ソ連地域に散在するサミ人，シベリア北西部を中心に北極海沿岸に住むサモディ諸族など北方のグループは，トナカイ飼養，狩猟，漁労などの生業形態をとり，その多くは半遊牧である。南方の諸民族は定住農耕民で，特にボルガ川，ドナウ川流域では早くから高度の農耕文化が発達した。東部の民族の社会組織については，人類学上興味深い例もあるが，一般的には父系制で多くの外婚制氏族に分れ売買婚の形態をとる。アニミズムや祖先崇拝，魔よけの祈祷などは，ウラル語系諸族の間で共通であり，サモディ諸族の呪物崇拝なども含めて，各民族はそれぞれの呪文やそうした言葉の集成をもち，シャーマンによって保持されている。

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