Yanacona (English spelling)

Japanese: ヤナコナ（英語表記）yanacona

A tenant farmer in Peru. The word originates from Quechua and means servant, and originally meant a subordinate people who were separated from the community during the Inca period and performed services for the emperor or nobles. In a broader sense, it refers to tenant farmers in general who pay rent for labor or produce on rented land in the hacienda, but in modern history, it refers to tenant farmers (sharecroppers) who became common especially in cotton and rice-growing haciendas on the coast of Peru from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. Yanaconas are loaned the means of production (land, farm tools, seeds, fertilizer, draft animals, etc.) by the landowner, and in return they pay a fixed percentage of the harvest to the landowner.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ペルーにおける小作農のこと。語源はケチュア語で従僕，元来はインカ時代に共同体から切り離され，皇帝･貴族の用役に従事する隷属民を意味した。広義にはアシエンダにおける借地に対し，労働あるいは生産物地代を払う小作農一般を指すが，近代史においては，とくに19世紀後半～20世紀前半，ペルー沿岸部の綿花および米作アシエンダにおいて一般化した小作農(分益農)を指す。ヤナコナは地主から生産手段(土地，農具，種子，肥料，役畜など)を貸与され，その代償として収穫物を一定比率で地主に納める。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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