Digestive medicine - shoukayaku

Japanese: 消化薬 - しょうかやく
Digestive medicine - shoukayaku

These drugs are used to improve the digestive function of the stomach and intestines and aid in the digestion of food and drink, and are used for gastrointestinal disorders, indigestion, and loss of appetite. They are mainly digestive enzyme preparations, but there are also gastrointestinal function activators that promote the secretion of digestive juices.

Enzymes used medically as digestive enzymes are amylases (starch-decomposing enzymes), proteases (protein-decomposing enzymes), lipases (fat-decomposing enzymes), and cellulases (cellulose-decomposing enzymes). They are broadly classified by their origin into three types: vegetable enzymes such as diastase and papain, animal enzymes such as pancreatin and pepsin, and microbial enzymes such as takadiastase and biodiastase.

Enzymes have an optimum pH. For example, diastase has an optimum pH of 6.2, but gastric juice has a pH of 1.0, which is highly acidic. Diastase is inactive in gastric juice, so it requires the use of antacids. For this reason, acid-resistant enzyme preparations were developed that originated from microorganisms. Sanactase (optimum pH of about 4.3) was the first. On the other hand, pancreatin, a pancreatic enzyme, has an optimum pH of 6.8 to 8.5, which is on the alkaline side. To improve the absurdity of taking enzymes that work in the acidic stomach and enzymes that work in the alkaline intestines together, a preparation was developed that applies an enteric coating to an enzyme that works in the alkaline stomach so that it can work in both the stomach and the intestines. This is called a comprehensive digestive enzyme preparation, and it has become the mainstream of digestive medicines. Capsules, tablets, and granules are available on the market. All commercially available digestive enzyme preparations are derived from microorganisms, except for pepsin, pancreatin, and diastase. Comprehensive digestive enzyme preparations include Combitzyme, Festal, Verityme, Toughmac E, Ezyme, and Politose.

[Fumiji Koho]

[References] | Amylase | Cellulase | Protease | Lipase

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

胃腸の消化機能を高め飲食物の消化を助ける薬剤で、胃腸障害、消化不良、食欲不振に用いられる。消化酵素製剤を主とするが、消化液の分泌を促進する胃腸機能賦活(ふかつ)剤もある。

 消化酵素として医薬用に使用される酵素は、デンプン分解酵素(アミラーゼ)、タンパク分解酵素(プロテアーゼ)、脂肪分解酵素(リパーゼ)、繊維素分解酵素(セルラーゼ)である。その起源は、ジアスターゼ、パパインに代表される植物性のもの、パンクレアチンやペプシンに代表される動物性のもの、タカジアスターゼやビオジアスターゼに代表される微生物性の3種に大別される。

 酵素には至適pHがある。たとえば、ジアスターゼは6.2であるが、胃液のpHは1.0と強酸性であり、ジアスターゼは胃液内では不活性であるため、制酸剤の併用を必要とする。このため耐酸性の酵素製剤が微生物を起源として開発された。サナクターゼ(至適pH約4.3)がその最初のものである。一方、膵臓(すいぞう)酵素であるパンクレアチンは、至適pH6.8~8.5とアルカリ側にある。酸性の胃で働く酵素と、アルカリ性の腸で作用する酵素をいっしょに服用することの不合理を改善するため、アルカリ性で作用する酵素に腸溶皮膜を施し、胃と腸の両方で作用するようにした製剤が開発された。これが総合消化酵素製剤とよばれるもので、消化薬の主流を占めるようになった。カプセル、錠剤および顆粒(かりゅう)剤が市販されている。市販の消化酵素製剤は、ペプシンとパンクレアチン、ジアスターゼを除き、微生物由来のものである。総合消化酵素製剤には「コンビチーム」「フェスタール」「ベリチーム」「タフマックE」「エーザイム」「ポリトーゼ」などがある。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | アミラーゼ | セルラーゼ | プロテアーゼ | リパーゼ

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