What is the disease? As shown in Table 7, drugs that cause drug dependence have the effect of stimulating or suppressing the central nervous system, thereby changing the state of the "mind." Drug dependence can be classified into two types: psychological dependence, in which the patient feels restless, impatient, or irritable when they stop using the drug, and drug-specific dependence. Characteristics of drug addiction Currently, the most commonly abused drugs in Japan are In addition, drug addicts who somehow manage to obtain drugs and lead a "drug-centered life" cannot live alone without also relying on their families. One of their characteristics is that they are very good at "care-drawing behavior," which involves making their family members anxious and encouraging them to support their drug-dependent life. The main subject of drug addiction treatment is the addict himself, but as long as family members around him are just trying to clean up the mess or prevent problems such as debts, accidents, and incidents caused by drug addiction, the family's efforts will never be rewarded. Family members who are caught up in the addict's "drug-centered life" and endlessly support the addict's life are called "enablers." How symptoms manifest Symptoms of drug dependence include: 1) acute intoxication symptoms at the time of abuse, 2) drug-seeking behavior and compulsive drug use patterns, which are expressions of psychological dependence, and 3) withdrawal symptoms specific to each drug, which are expressions of physical dependence ( Behavior aimed at obtaining drugs is called "drug-seeking behavior," and in cases of dependence on benzodiazepine-type sleeping pills or anti-anxiety drugs, people may lie about leaving their medicine on the bus or dropping it in order to take more than prescribed, or visit multiple medical institutions at the same time (doctor shopping). In cases of dependence on organic solvents or stimulants, people often get into large amounts of debt and commit crimes such as shoplifting, blackmail, prostitution, and drug trafficking. Among the drugs commonly abused in Japan, the rate is relatively high. Testing and diagnosisDiagnosis is relatively easy if the patient and their family members can be properly interviewed about the drugs used, the circumstances of their use, and the progress of withdrawal symptoms. Physical and mental disorders such as liver damage and peripheral neuropathy that may occur as a result of drug use require a specialized diagnosis. Intravenous drug users should be checked for Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV infection. Treatment methods If you have an addictive psychosis, you should first be admitted to a psychiatric hospital and separated from the substance you are addicted to. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for drug addiction. If family members, who are caught up in the drug-centered life of a drug addict and play the role of enabler, can set clear limits on the unnecessary support they provide and make the addict take responsibility for the various problems that arise in the course of drug addiction, the addict will be able to " In addition, attending self-help group meetings such as Narcotics Anonymous (NA) can be effective in maintaining abstinence. What to do if you notice an illnessMinors who have smoked or drunk alcohol are at high risk of drug abuse and dependence. Drug abuse and dependence can be diagnosed by an amateur, so treating them based on amateur judgment often makes the condition worse. Therefore, if you suspect that your child is abusing organic solvents or stimulants, early consultation with a child consultation center, educational counseling center, local police juvenile division, mental health and welfare center, or a psychiatric hospital specializing in drug addiction can help prevent the condition from becoming serious. In addition, doctors who diagnose a patient with dependence on cannabis, as well as opium, cocaine, LSD, MDMA, and other drugs designated as narcotics, are required by the Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Control Act to report the same to the prefectural department responsible for the patient's residence. Related TopicsAlcoholism Kyohei Onuma "> Table 7 Types and characteristics of abused drugs (Heisei… Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia |
どんな病気か 薬物依存を引き起こす薬物は表7に示すように、中枢神経系を興奮させたり抑制したりして、「こころ」のあり方を変える作用をもっています。これらの薬物を連用していると 薬物依存には、薬物の連用を中断すると、落ち着きを欠き、焦燥感や怒りっぽさを示す精神依存と、薬物特有の 薬物依存の特徴 現在のところ、日本で流行している乱用薬物は また、何とかして薬物を入手し「薬物中心の生活」をしている薬物依存者は、同時に周囲にいる家族にも依存しないと、一人ではその生活が成り立ちません。家族を不安に陥れては、自分の薬物依存の生活を支えるように仕向ける「ケア引き出し行動」が非常にうまいのも特徴のひとつです。 薬物依存の治療の主体は依存者自身なのですが、薬物依存の結果引き起こされた借金や事故・事件などの問題に対して、周囲にいる家族などが尻ぬぐいや転ばぬ先の杖を出しているかぎり、家族の努力は決して報われることはありません。このように依存者の「薬物中心の生活」に巻き込まれて、際限なく依存者の生活を丸抱えで支えている家族などを「イネイブラー」といいます。 症状の現れ方 薬物依存でみられる症状としては、①乱用時の急性中毒症状、②精神依存の表現である薬物探索行動と強迫的な薬物使用パターンなど、③身体依存の表現である各薬物に特有な離脱症状( 何とかして薬物を入手するための行動を「薬物探索行動」といいますが、ベンゾジアゼピン系の睡眠薬や抗不安薬の依存では、指示された以上に服用するために、薬をバスに忘れたとか落としてしまったと嘘をついたり、同時に複数の医療機関に受診すること(ドクターショッピング)がみられたりします。有機溶剤や覚せい剤の依存では、多額の借金をしたり、万引き・恐喝・売春・薬物密売などの事件を起こすこともしばしばあります。 日本で流行している乱用薬物では、比較的高率に 検査と診断診断は、本人・家族などからきちんと使用薬物やその使用状況、離脱症状の経過などが聴取できれば、比較的容易です。合併する肝臓障害、末梢神経障害などの身体障害や精神障害は、それぞれ専門的な診断を必要とします。静脈内注射による使用者では、とくにB型・C型肝炎、HIV感染をチェックする必要があります。 治療の方法 中毒性精神病が発病していれば、まず精神科病院に入院して、依存対象の薬物から 薬物依存の治療には、認知行動療法が有効です。 薬物依存者の薬物中心の生活に巻き込まれ、イネイブラーの役割を演じている家族などが、自分の行っている余計な支援にきちんと限界を設けて、薬物依存の過程でみられる各種の問題の責任を依存者自身に引き受けさせるようにしていけば、依存者は「 さらに、断薬継続のためには、NA(ナルコティクス・アノニマス)などの自助グループのミーティングに参加することが有効です。 病気に気づいたらどうする喫煙・飲酒を経験したことのある未成年者は、薬物乱用・依存のハイリスク集団です。薬物の乱用・依存は素人でも診断できてしまうため、素人判断で対応をしてしまうことにより、かえって重症化してしまうことが多いものです。 したがって、有機溶剤・覚せい剤などを乱用している疑いがあれば、早期に児童相談所、教育相談所、地元警察署少年課、精神保健福祉センター、薬物依存専門の精神科病院に相談することが、重症化を防ぐことにつながります。 なお、麻薬に指定されているアヘン類、コカイン、LSD、MDMAなどのほか、大麻による依存を診断した医師には、「麻薬および向精神薬取締法」によって、本人の住所地のある都道府県の業務主管課に届け出の義務が課せられています。 関連項目アルコール依存症 小沼 杏坪 "> 表7 乱用される薬物の種類と特徴(平成… 出典 法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について 情報 |
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