Mons (English spelling)

Japanese: モンス（英語表記）Mons

Bergen in Dutch. The capital of Hainaut province in southwest Belgium. Located about 50 km southwest of Brussels, at the junction of the Canal de Condé-Mons and the Canal de Centre. In the 7th century, it developed around a monastery and the castle of the Count of Hainaut. It became the capital of the County of Hainaut around 804. In the 14th to 16th centuries, the wool industry developed and prospered. After being absorbed into the Duchy of Burgundy, it became an important fortress, and many battles were fought between the Netherlands, Spain, France, and England over its possession in the 16th to 18th centuries. It was the site of the first battle of the British Expeditionary Force during World War I, and there are many monuments and cemeteries. The coal mines of the Borinage coalfields to the southwest, which were deeply connected to the city's economy, were closed in 1950-60, but textile, lace, cement, ceramics, and leather products are manufactured here. There are many historical buildings such as the 15th century town hall, Saint-Waudrus Cathedral, and the bell tower, as well as several museums. There are also many other sights to see in the vicinity, such as the castle of the Duke of Ligne and the remains of an ancient battlefield. It is a cultural city with a university, an academy of fine arts, and a royal conservatory. Population: 92,158 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

オランダ語ではベルヘン Bergen。ベルギー南西部，エノー州の州都。ブリュッセルの南西約 50km，コンデ＝モンス運河とサントル運河との接点に位置する。7世紀，修道院とエノー伯の城を中心に発達。 804年頃にエノー伯領の首都となった。 14～16世紀に毛織物業が発達して繁栄。ブルゴーニュ公国に吸収されてからは重要な要塞地となり，16～18世紀には領有をめぐってオランダ，スペイン，フランス，イギリス各国間で多くの攻防戦が繰返された。第1次世界大戦中イギリス遠征軍が最初に戦闘を行なった地で，多くの記念碑や墓地がある。市の経済と深く結合していた南西方のボリナージュ炭田の炭鉱は 1950～60年に閉鎖されたが，繊維，レース，セメント，陶磁器，皮革製品の製造が行われる。 15世紀の市庁舎や聖ウォードリュ聖堂，鐘楼などの歴史的建造物のほか博物館もいくつかあり，付近にもリーニュ公の城，古戦場跡などみるべきところが多い。大学，美術アカデミー，王立音楽院などがある文化都市。人口9万 2158 (1991推計) 。

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