Mobutu Sese Seko

Japanese: モブツ（英語表記）Mobutu Sese Seko

Born October 14, 1930 in Lissara, Belgian Congo.
Died September 7, 1997. Moroccan politician from Rabat-Zaire. Also known as Mobutu Sese Seko Koko Ngbendu Wa Za Banga. Formerly known as Joseph (-Désiré) Mobutu. After completing his secondary education in Kokiavile, he served in the Belgian Congo's security forces from 1949 to 1956. After studying abroad in Brussels, Belgium, he became a journalist before joining the Congolese National Movement (MNC) led by Patrice E. Lumumba. On June 30, 1960, he became Minister of Defense in the Lumumba Cabinet upon independence, and in July 1960, he became Chief of Staff and a Colonel. On September 14, 1960, he staged a coup with the support of President Joseph Kasavubu, ousting Lumumba and seizing power. In February 1961, he became Commander-in-Chief of the Army and a Major General. In November 1965, he again ousted Kasavubu in a coup, became president, and was promoted to lieutenant general. In October 1966, he also became prime minister. In October 1971, the country's name was changed from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Republic of Zaire, and in November he was re-elected president. Since May 1967, the country had been one-party dominated by the Revolutionary Popular Movement (MPR), and in the early 1970s, it promoted a thorough Zaireization policy based on the ideology of "authenticity" (authenticity), but it was thwarted by the 1973 oil crisis and the fall in the international price of copper, a major product, and was forced to revise it. In 1984, he was re-elected president for the third time, but remained in the position even after the end of his seven-year term, and established a dictatorial regime. However, with the end of the Cold War and the beginning of an era of democratization, Mobutu's power base weakened rapidly, and in 1996 a civil war broke out, and he went into exile in Morocco in 1997. (→ Congo Crisis)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1930.10.14. ベルギー領コンゴ，リサラ
[没]1997.9.7. モロッコ，ラバト
ザイールの政治家。Mobutu Sese Seko Koko Ngbendu Wa Za Bangaとも呼ばれる。旧名 Joseph (-Désiré) Mobutu。コキアビルで中等教育を終えたのち，1949～56年ベルギー領コンゴ公安軍に勤務。ベルギーのブリュッセルに留学後，新聞記者を経てパトリス・E.ルムンバの指導するコンゴ国民運動 MNCに参加。1960年6月30日独立とともにルムンバ内閣国防大臣，1960年7月参謀総長，大佐。1960年9月14日ジョゼフ・カサブブ大統領の支持のもとにクーデターを起こし，ルムンバを追放，政権を掌握した。1961年2月軍最高司令官，少将。1965年11月再びクーデターでカサブブを追放し，大統領に就任するとともに中将に昇進。1966年10月首相兼任。1971年10月国名をコンゴ民主共和国からザイール共和国に改称，11月大統領に再選された。1967年5月以来，革命人民運動 MPRの一党支配体制をしき，1970年代前半には「真正」（オータンティシテ）イデオロギーを軸に，徹底したザイール化政策を推進したが，1973年の石油危機，主要産品である銅の国際価格の下落などもあって挫折し，修正を余儀なくされた。1984年大統領に 3選されたが，7年の任期が終了したにもかかわらず大統領の地位にとどまり，独裁体制をしいた。しかし冷戦終結以後の民主化の時代に入ってモブツの権力基盤は急激に弱まり，1996年内戦が勃発，1997年モロッコへ亡命した。（→コンゴ動乱）

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Moplāh (English spelling)

>>: Mochtar Lubis