Morton - William Thomas Green Morton

Japanese: モートン - もーとん(英語表記)William Thomas Green Morton
Morton - William Thomas Green Morton

American dentist. Known for his success with ether anesthesia. He became a dentist as one of the first graduates of the Baltimore Dental School, and opened a clinic in Boston with H. Wells (Wells moved to Hartford for some reason). Morton was also present when Wells demonstrated nitrous oxide anesthesia, and although the result was unsuccessful, Morton asked his close friend, physician Charles T. Jackson (1805-1880), how to make nitrous oxide gas. However, Jackson recommended using ether, which was safer. Morton continued to research ether anesthesia, initially using hydrochloric acid ether, but in 1846 he switched to sulfuric acid ether. Morton persuaded J.C. Warren (1778-1856) of Massachusetts General Hospital to try out the new anesthetic, and successfully applied it to an operation for a neck tumor on October 16, 1846. As a result, ether anesthesia was widely accepted by the medical community, and Henry J. Bigelow (1818-1890), a leading American surgeon at the time, recommended it and published it in the Boston Medical Journal. O. W. Holmes gave the term anaesthesia to this anesthesia method. Morton tried to patent anesthesia and sought a reward from Congress for his discovery, but he was unsuccessful and died in disappointment.

[Kuninori Homma]

[References] | Wells | Holmes | Anesthesia

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの歯科医。エーテル麻酔の成功で知られる。ボルティモア歯科医学校第1回卒業生として歯科医師となり、ボストンでH・ウェルズとともに診療所を開設した(ウェルズは事情があり、ハートフォードに移った)。ウェルズが笑気麻酔を公開したとき、モートンも同席、この結果は失敗に終わったが、モートンは親しい医師ジャクソンCharles T. Jackson(1805―1880)に笑気ガスの作り方を尋ねた。しかしジャクソンはより安全なエーテルを用いることを勧め、エーテル麻酔の研究を続けたモートンは、最初は塩酸エーテルを用いたが、1846年に硫酸エーテルにかえた。モートンはマサチューセッツ総合病院のウォーレンJ. C. Warren(1778―1856)に新しい麻酔剤の試用を説き、1846年10月16日に頸部腫瘍(けいぶしゅよう)の手術に応用し成功した。これによってエーテル麻酔法は医学会に広く認められ、当時のアメリカの外科医の第一人者ビゲローHenry J. Bigelow(1818―1890)がこれを推賞し、『ボストン医学雑誌』に掲載された。O・W・ホームズはこの知覚脱失法にanaesthesia(麻酔)の術語を与えた。モートンは麻酔の特許を得ようとしたり、議会にこの発見に対する報酬を求めたりしたが、いずれも成功せず失意のうちに死去した。

[本間邦則]

[参照項目] | ウェルズ | ホームズ | 麻酔

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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